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Related Concept Videos

Synaptic Signaling01:12

Synaptic Signaling

69.8K
Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.
69.8K
Synaptic Signaling01:09

Synaptic Signaling

5.6K
Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.
Most synapses are chemical, meaning an electrical impulse or action potential spurs the release of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. The neuron sending the signal is called the presynaptic neuron, and the neuron receiving the signal is the postsynaptic neuron.
The presynaptic neuron fires an action potential that...
5.6K
Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane01:26

Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane

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Proteins and neurotransmitters in secretory vesicles can be released from a cell upon vesicle docking, priming, and fusion with the plasma membrane. Vesicles are docked and primed in preparation for the quick exocytosis of their contents in response to a stimulus. The fusion process is mainly carried out by a SNAP Receptor or SNARE complex, consisting of synaptobrevin, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25.
In 1993, Jim Rothman proposed that the antiparallel pairing of vesicular and transmembrane SNAREs, or...
15.9K
Integration of Synaptic Events01:28

Integration of Synaptic Events

6.4K
Synaptic integration mainly includes the summation of graded potentials. Graded potentials, regardless of their type, cause subtle alterations in membrane voltage, resulting in either depolarization or hyperpolarization. These incremental changes, when combined or summed, can propel the neuron toward its threshold. Consider, for example, a membrane experiencing a +15 mV shift, causing it to depolarize from -70 mV to -55 mV. In this scenario, graded potentials govern the membrane's ability to...
6.4K
Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

9.2K
Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
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Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

10.8K
Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Preparation of Synaptic Plasma Membrane and Postsynaptic Density Proteins Using a Discontinuous Sucrose Gradient
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Preparation of Synaptic Plasma Membrane and Postsynaptic Density Proteins Using a Discontinuous Sucrose Gradient

Published on: September 3, 2014

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The synaptic proteome.

Melanie Laßek1, Jens Weingarten, Walter Volknandt

  • 1Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.

Cell and Tissue Research
|July 21, 2014
PubMed
Summary

This review explores synaptic protein analysis using subcellular fractionation and proteomics, focusing on the presynaptic active zone. Understanding these proteins is crucial for neuronal communication and neurodegenerative disease research.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Proteomics

Background:

  • Synapses are critical for brain signal transduction and plasticity.
  • Synaptic function relies on the proteomes of presynaptic and postsynaptic active zones.
  • Dynamic protein rearrangements mediate synaptic structural and functional changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review subcellular fractionation and proteomic methods for analyzing synaptic subcompartments.
  • To highlight the presynaptic active zone (PAZ) proteome and its constituents.
  • To emphasize the role of synaptic proteins in neuronal communication and neurodegeneration.

Main Methods:

  • Subcellular fractionation protocols for isolating synaptic components.
  • Proteomic approaches to identify proteins within synaptic subcompartments.

More Related Videos

High Resolution Quantitative Synaptic Proteome Profiling of Mouse Brain Regions After Auditory Discrimination Learning
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High Resolution Quantitative Synaptic Proteome Profiling of Mouse Brain Regions After Auditory Discrimination Learning

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An Optical Assay for Synaptic Vesicle Recycling in Cultured Neurons Overexpressing Presynaptic Proteins
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An Optical Assay for Synaptic Vesicle Recycling in Cultured Neurons Overexpressing Presynaptic Proteins

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Preparation of Synaptic Plasma Membrane and Postsynaptic Density Proteins Using a Discontinuous Sucrose Gradient
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High Resolution Quantitative Synaptic Proteome Profiling of Mouse Brain Regions After Auditory Discrimination Learning
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High Resolution Quantitative Synaptic Proteome Profiling of Mouse Brain Regions After Auditory Discrimination Learning

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An Optical Assay for Synaptic Vesicle Recycling in Cultured Neurons Overexpressing Presynaptic Proteins
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An Optical Assay for Synaptic Vesicle Recycling in Cultured Neurons Overexpressing Presynaptic Proteins

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  • Analysis of protein candidates, including amyloid precursor protein family members.

    • Main Results:

    • Detailed examination of presynaptic active zone (PAZ) protein constituents.
    • Identification of proteins involved in cytoskeletal rearrangement and synaptic dynamics.
    • Provides a foundation for studying protein interactions and functional roles.

    Conclusions:

    • Proteomic analysis of synaptic subcompartments offers insights into neuronal function.
    • Understanding synaptic protein interactomes is vital for deciphering neurodegenerative diseases.
    • This review synthesizes current knowledge on synaptic proteomics and its implications.