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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Using a Murine Model of Psychosocial Stress in Pregnancy as a Translationally Relevant Paradigm for Psychiatric Disorders in Mothers and Infants
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Stress and the reproductive axis.

D Toufexis1, M A Rivarola, H Lara

  • 1Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA; Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Journal of Neuroendocrinology
|July 22, 2014
PubMed
Summary

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axes interact reciprocally. Chronic stress and maternal care impact HPG and HPA function, influencing reproductive health and emotional well-being.

Keywords:
maternal careoestrogenovaryreproductionserotoninstress

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Reproductive Biology
  • Stress Physiology

Background:

  • The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axes exhibit a reciprocal relationship, where each influences the other's function.
  • Hormones like testosterone and estrogen modulate the HPA axis, while chronic stress can inhibit reproductive hormone secretion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the intricate interactions between the HPG and HPA axes.
  • To highlight the impact of these interactions on reproductive health and emotional well-being.
  • To explore how factors like maternal care and adult stress influence HPG and HPA axis function.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating the interplay between the HPG and HPA axes.
  • Analysis of research on the effects of maternal care, stress, and sex hormones on axis function.
  • Examination of findings from studies on rodents and non-human primates (rhesus macaques).

Main Results:

  • Altered maternal care affects adult HPG and HPA physiology and behavior, potentially altering sex hormone receptor expression.
  • Adult stress can disrupt female HPG activity, leading to ovulatory dysfunction.
  • Sex hormones differentially regulate the HPA axis, potentially explaining sex differences in stress responses, as seen with serotonin (5-HT) pathways.

Conclusions:

  • The interplay between the reproductive and stress axes is crucial for maintaining reproductive health and emotional balance.
  • Understanding these interactions is vital for addressing conditions related to reproductive dysfunction and mood disorders.
  • Sex differences in stress response are partly mediated by the differential regulation of the HPA axis by sex hormones and neurotransmitters.