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Inducible bacteriophages from ruminal bacteria.

A V Klieve1, J F Hudman, T Bauchop

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Nutrition, University of New England, Australia.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology
|June 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Temperate bacteriophages were found in nearly a quarter of the studied ruminal bacteria. This suggests viral genetic material is a common component of these important gut microbes.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Virology
  • Ruminant Nutrition

Background:

  • The rumen microbiome is crucial for herbivore digestion.
  • Bacteriophages (viruses infecting bacteria) are abundant in many environments.
  • The prevalence and types of temperate bacteriophages in ruminal bacteria are not fully characterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the incidence and morphology of temperate bacteriophages in diverse ruminal bacteria.
  • To determine if viral genetic material is a common feature of ruminal bacterial genomes.

Main Methods:

  • Induction of prophages using mitomycin C in 38 different ruminal bacterial isolates.
  • Examination of culture supernatants for phage-like particles using transmission electron microscopy.

Main Results:

  • Phage-like particles were produced by 9 out of 38 (23.7%) bacterial isolates, belonging to five genera.
  • Filamentous bacteriophages were identified in *Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens*, a novel finding for ruminal bacteria.
  • Other isolates yielded Group B-type phages with polyhedral heads and noncontractile tails.
  • The observed phage types via induction were less diverse than those found directly in rumen contents.

Conclusions:

  • Temperate bacteriophages are present in a significant proportion of ruminal bacteria across multiple genera.
  • Viral genetic material appears to be a normal constituent of the ruminal bacterial genome.
  • Mitomycin C induction may not reveal the full spectrum of temperate phages in the rumen environment.

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