Electrically tunable graphene plasmonic quasicrystal metasurfaces for transformation optics

The past few years have witnessed tremendous achievements of transformation optics applied to metallic plasmonic systems. Due to the poor tunability of metals, however, the ultimate control over surface plasmons remains a challenge. Here we propose a new type of graphene plasmonic (GP) metasurfaces by shaping the dielectrics underneath monolayer graphene into specific photonic crystals. The radial and axial gradient-index (GRIN) lenses are implemented to demonstrate the feasibility and versatility of the proposal. It is found that the designed GP-GRIN lenses work perfectly well for focusing, collimating, and guiding the GP waves. Especially, they exhibit excellent performances in the THz regime as diverse as ultra-small focusing spot (λ0/60) and broadband electrical tunability. The proposed method offers potential opportunities in exploiting active transformational plasmonic elements operating at THz frequencies.