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Related Concept Videos

Fluid Mosaic Model01:19

Fluid Mosaic Model

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Scientists identified the plasma membrane in the 1890s and its principal chemical components (lipids and proteins) by 1915. The model for plasma membrane structure, proposed in 1935 by Hugh Davson and James Danielli, was the first model to be widely accepted in the scientific community. The model was based on the plasma membrane's "railroad track" appearance in early electron micrographs. Davson and Danielli theorized that the plasma membrane's structure resembled a sandwich...
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The Fluid Mosaic Model01:34

The Fluid Mosaic Model

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The fluid mosaic model was first proposed as a visual representation of research observations. The model comprises the composition and dynamics of membranes and serves as a foundation for future membrane-related studies. The model depicts the structure of the plasma membrane with a variety of components, which include phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. These integral molecules are loosely bound, defining the cell’s border and providing fluidity for optimal function.
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Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation00:59

Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation

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Different physical properties of lipids and proteins allow them to localize and form distinct islands or domains in the membrane. Some membrane domains are formed due to protein-protein interactions, whereas others are formed due to the presence of specific lipids such as sphingolipids and sterols—for example, large proteins, such as bacteriorhodopsin, aggregate and create distinct domains.
Another mechanism for membrane domain formation involves membrane proteins interacting with...
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Membrane Domains01:18

Membrane Domains

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The membrane domains concentrate specific lipids and proteins at one place within the membrane, which helps in cell signaling, adhesion, and other critical cellular processes. These domains can differ in size, composition, function, and lifespan.
Protein Domains
The membrane comprises a group of distinct proteins responsible for carrying out a cell's specific function. For example, the plasma membrane of the human sperm, or a single germ cell, contains a unique set of proteins in the...
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Membrane Fluidity01:26

Membrane Fluidity

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Membrane fluidity is explained by the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, which describes the plasma membrane structure as a mosaic of components—including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character.
Mosaic nature of the membrane
The mosaic characteristic of the membrane helps the plasma membrane remain fluid. The integral proteins and lipids exist as separate but loosely-attached molecules in the membrane. The membrane is...
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Membrane Fluidity01:23

Membrane Fluidity

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Cell membranes are composed of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates loosely attached to one another through chemical interactions. Molecules are generally able to move about in the plane of the membrane, giving the membrane its flexible nature called fluidity. Two other features of the membrane contribute to membrane fluidity: the chemical structure of the phospholipids and the presence of cholesterol in the membrane.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Three-Dimensionally Printed Microfluidic Cross-flow System for Ultrafiltration/Nanofiltration Membrane Performance Testing
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Three-Dimensionally Printed Microfluidic Cross-flow System for Ultrafiltration/Nanofiltration Membrane Performance Testing

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A combined network model for membrane fouling.

I M Griffiths1, A Kumar2, P S Stewart3

  • 1Mathematical Institute, Radcliffe Square, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK.

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
|July 22, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a network model for membrane fouling, revealing how coupled fouling mechanisms create a concave-downwards flux-volume signature. This model helps identify dominant fouling types and optimize filtration processes.

Keywords:
CakingFiltrationMathematical modellingMembrane foulingNetwork modelPore clogging

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Last Updated: Apr 26, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Membrane fouling reduces filtration efficiency through pore clogging, pore entrance coverage, and surface deposition.
  • Independent fouling mechanisms yield a convex-downwards flux-volume signature under constant pressure.
  • Coupled fouling mechanisms, common in real-world scenarios, complicate interpretation of this signature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a network model that accounts for inter-related membrane fouling mechanisms.
  • To explain the observed concave-downwards flux-volume signature in industrially relevant filtration cases.
  • To provide a tool for analyzing fouling behavior and optimizing operating regimes.

Main Methods:

  • Derivation of a network model for membrane fouling.
  • Analysis of the impact of coupled fouling mechanisms on the flux-volume signature.
  • Comparison of model predictions with existing models and experimental observations.

Main Results:

  • The network model successfully recovers existing model behavior for independent fouling mechanisms.
  • The model elucidates the concave-downwards flux-volume signature resulting from interactive fouling mechanisms.
  • A concave-downwards signature indicates an increasing fouling rate over time.

Conclusions:

  • Coupled fouling mechanisms significantly alter the characteristic flux-volume signature.
  • The developed network model offers a more comprehensive understanding of membrane fouling.
  • This model aids in identifying dominant fouling stages and selecting optimal operating conditions.