Increased risk of epilepsy among patients diagnosed with chronic osteomyelitis

Inflammatory processes, which raise the unsteadiness of brain neuron membrane potentials, might enhance the development of epilepsy. Inflammation is a substantial indicator of epilepsy risk. In this study, we evaluated whether chronic osteomyelitis (COM), a chronic inflammatory disease, increases epilepsy risk.

A Taiwanese national insurance claims dataset of more than 22 million enrollees was used to select 20,996 COM patients and 83,973 randomly selected age- and gender-matched controls to investigate epilepsy development over an 11-year follow-up period, starting on January 1, 2000 and ending on December 31, 2010. The epilepsy risk was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model.

Comorbidities known to elevate epilepsy risk, including diabetes, hypertension, head injury, stroke, and cancer, were commonly noted in the COM cohort, which had considerably higher risk of epilepsy than did the control group. Comparing only those without comorbidities, COM patients still exhibited higher epilepsy risk than the control group did (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]=3.87, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.01-4.98). The younger population exhibited an even greater risk (age ≤39 years: aHR=6.10, 95% CI: 4.00-9.30; age ≥65 years: aHR=1.66, 95% CI: 1.28-2.16).

This is the first study linking COM to an increased risk in epilepsy development. The results demonstrated that COM is a significant predictor of epilepsy. Further study of COM patients, particularly young patients, is recommended to facilitate epilepsy prevention.