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Related Concept Videos

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
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Proteomics01:33

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A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
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Bone Remodeling01:40

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Related Experiment Video

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A Simple Pit Assay Protocol to Visualize and Quantify Osteoclastic Resorption In Vitro
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Characterization of functional reprogramming during osteoclast development using quantitative proteomics and mRNA

Eunkyung An1, Manikandan Narayanan1, Nathan P Manes1

  • 1From the ‡Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.

Molecular & Cellular Proteomics : MCP
|July 22, 2014
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Monocytes differentiate into osteoclasts, crucial for bone remodeling. This study reveals key molecular shifts, including mitochondrial and metabolic changes, driving this transformation from immune cells to bone-resorbing cells.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Monocytes are immune cells that can differentiate into various cell types, including osteoclasts.
  • Osteoclasts are essential for bone resorption and turnover in adults.
  • Osteoclast differentiation involves significant cellular and molecular changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively analyze the molecular changes during osteoclast differentiation.
  • To compare transcriptomic and proteomic profiles at distinct developmental stages.
  • To identify key pathways and molecular players involved in osteoclastogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized -omic-scale technologies for quantitative analysis.
  • Examined precursor cells, intermediate osteoclasts, and multinuclear osteoclasts.
  • Compared transcriptomes and proteomes across developmental stages.

Main Results:

  • Identified significant mitochondrial alterations during osteoclast development.
  • Revealed changes in signaling pathways critical for osteoclast maturation.
  • Observed metabolic reprogramming, shifting energy flow towards bone resorption.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondrial and metabolic changes are central to osteoclast differentiation.
  • Redirection of cellular energy supports specialized bone turnover function.
  • Findings offer new insights into the molecular basis of osteoclast generation.