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Synthesis of pyrrolophenanthridine alkaloids based on C(sp³)-H and C(sp²)-H functionalization reactions
Chihiro Tsukano1, Nobusuke Muto, Iderbat Enkhtaivan
1Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501 (Japan), Fax: (+81) 75-753-4569.
Abstract:
Assoanine, pratosine, hippadine, and dehydroanhydrolycorine belong to the pyrrolophenanthridine family of alkaloids, which are isolated from plants of the Amaryllidaceae species. Structurally, these alkaloids are characterized by a tetracyclic skeleton that contains a biaryl moiety and an indole core, and compounds belonging to this class have received considerable interest from researchers in a number of fields because of their biological properties and the challenges associated with their synthesis. Herein, a strategy for the total synthesis of these alkaloids by using C-H activation chemistry is described. The tetracyclic skeleton was constructed in a stepwise manner by C(sp(3))-H functionalization followed by a Catellani reaction, including C(sp(2))-H functionalization. A one-pot reaction involving both C(sp(3))-H and C(sp(2))-H functionalization was also attempted. This newly developed strategy is suitable for the facile preparation of various analogues because it uses simple starting materials and does not require protecting groups.
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