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Related Concept Videos

Timing and Consequences on Behavior01:08

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In operant conditioning, the timing of reinforcement is crucial. For animals like rats and cats, immediate reinforcement (within a few seconds) is much more effective than delayed reinforcement. For example, a food reward for a rat needs to follow within 30 seconds of pressing a bar to be effective. 
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Related Experiment Video

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Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task
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Pigeons' delay discounting functions established using a concurrent-chains procedure.

Luís Oliveira1, Leonard Green, Joel Myerson

  • 1Washington University in St. Louis.

Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
|July 22, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study validates a concurrent-chains procedure for measuring delayed reward discounting in animals. Results show hyperbolic discounting, similar to other methods, suggesting consistent measurement of subjective value.

Keywords:
adjusting amountamount effectconcurrent chaindelaydiscountingkeypeckpigeons

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral economics
  • Animal cognition
  • Decision-making

Background:

  • Previous research on animal delay discounting using concurrent-chains procedures yielded inconsistent results.
  • The validity of discounting functions derived from indifference points via concurrent-chains procedures remained uncertain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish the validity of the concurrent-chains procedure for measuring subjective value of delayed food reinforcers.
  • To determine if concurrent-chains procedures yield consistent discounting functions comparable to standard methods.

Main Methods:

  • Employed a within-session concurrent-chains procedure combined with an across-session adjusting-amount procedure.
  • Assessed subjective, present values of food reinforcers obtainable after a delay in pigeons and rats.

Main Results:

  • Delay discounting was accurately described by the hyperbolic discounting function.
  • The concurrent-chains procedure yielded results consistent with the adjusting-amount procedure, indicating they measure the same process.
  • No significant effect of delayed reinforcer amount on discounting was observed, aligning with relative value theories.

Conclusions:

  • The concurrent-chains procedure is a valid method for assessing delay discounting in animal models.
  • Findings support the hyperbolic model of discounting and suggest animal choices are driven by relative reinforcer value.