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Growth inhibition after exposure to transforming growth factor-β1 in human bladder cancer cell lines
Changho Lee1, Sang-Han Lee2, Doo Sang Kim3
1Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea. ; Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Purpose:
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) plays a dual role in apoptosis and in proapoptotic responses in the support of survival in a variety of cells. The aim of this study was to determine the function of TGF-β1 in bladder cancer cells.
Materials And Methods:
The role of TGF-β1 in bladder cancer cells was examined by observing cell viability by using the tetrazolium dye (MTT) assay after treating the bladder cancer cell lines 253J, 5637, T24, J82, HT1197, and HT1376 with TGF-β1. Among these cell lines, the 253J and T24 cell lines were coincubated with TGF-β1 and the pan anti-TGF-β antibody. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis was performed to determine the mechanism involved after TGF-β1 treatment in 253J cells.
Results:
All six cell lines showed inhibited cellular growth after TGF-β1 treatment. Although the T24 and J82 cell lines also showed inhibited cellular growth, the growth inhibition was less than that observed in the other 4 cell lines. The addition of pan anti-TGF-β antibodies to the culture media restored the growth properties that had been inhibited by TGF-β1. FACS analysis was performed in the 253J cells and the 253J cells with TGF-β1. There were no significant differences in the cell cycle between the two treatments. However, there were more apoptotic cells in the TGF-β1-treated 253J cells.
Conclusions:
TGF-β1 did not stimulate cellular proliferation but was a growth inhibitory factor in bladder cancer cells. However, the pattern of its effects depended on the cell line. TGF-β1 achieved growth inhibition by enhancing the level of apoptosis.
Insights
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) inhibits bladder cancer cell growth by increasing apoptosis. Its effects varied across different cell lines, demonstrating a complex role in cancer progression.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Cell Biology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) has a known dual role in cellular apoptosis and survival.
- Understanding its specific function in bladder cancer is crucial for therapeutic development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the precise role of TGF-β1 in bladder cancer cell lines.
- To determine if TGF-β1 promotes or inhibits cancer cell proliferation and survival.
Main Methods:
- Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay across six bladder cancer cell lines treated with TGF-β1.
- TGF-β1's mechanism was further analyzed in 253J cells using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and antibody neutralization.
Main Results:
- TGF-β1 significantly inhibited cellular growth in all tested bladder cancer cell lines.
- While growth inhibition was observed in T24 and J82 cells, it was less pronounced compared to other lines.
- FACS analysis revealed increased apoptosis in TGF-β1-treated 253J cells without significant cell cycle alterations.
Conclusions:
- TGF-β1 acts as a growth inhibitory factor in bladder cancer, rather than a proliferative stimulant.
- The inhibitory effect of TGF-β1 is mediated by an enhancement of apoptosis.
- The specific impact of TGF-β1 on bladder cancer cells exhibits cell-line-dependent variability.
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