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Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
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A crystal's internal structure is an orderly array of atoms, ions, or molecules, and the details of this array significantly influence the solid's properties. In a crystal, periodically repeating 'structural motifs' - which could be atoms, molecules, or groups thereof - create a 'space lattice.' This is essentially a three-dimensional, infinite array of points, each surrounded by its neighbors in an identical way, forming the basic structure of the crystal.A 'unit cell' is a theoretical...
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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Isolated atoms have discrete energy levels that are well described by the Bohr model. And, it quantifies the energy of an electron in a hydrogen atom as En. Higher quantum numbers 'n' yield less negative, closer electron energy levels.
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Atomically Traceable Nanostructure Fabrication
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From semiconductor nanocrystals to artificial solids with dimensionality below two.

Christophe Delerue1

  • 1IEMN - Dept. ISEN, UMR CNRS 8520, Lille, France. christophe.delerue@isen.fr.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|July 22, 2014
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Researchers modeled semiconductor super-lattices, revealing how nanoscale geometry creates unique electronic band structures like Dirac cones. This opens new possibilities for designing advanced electronic materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Two-dimensional semiconductor films can be patterned into super-lattices with nanoscale periodicity.
  • Square and honeycomb lattices of semiconductor nanocrystals are synthesized using oriented attachment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To perform atomistic tight-binding calculations of the conduction bands of cadmium selenide (CdSe) super-lattices.
  • To investigate the band structure between uniform films and disconnected nanocrystals.

Main Methods:

  • Atomistic tight-binding calculations.
  • Modeling of spherical nanocrystals connected by horizontal cylinders.
  • Analysis of band structure emergence from periodic nano-geometry.

Main Results:

  • Rich band structures emerge from periodic nano-geometry in semiconductor super-lattices.
  • Dirac cones and non-trivial flat bands are observed in honeycomb lattices.
  • The model system explains band structure formation between extreme limits.

Conclusions:

  • Periodic nano-geometry in semiconductor super-lattices leads to emergent, non-conventional band structures.
  • The ability to engineer band structures using nanocrystal assemblies offers new prospects for materials design.
  • This work highlights the potential of multi-orbital artificial atoms (nanocrystals) for creating novel electronic properties.