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Related Concept Videos

Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions01:12

Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions

6.1K
Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
When the tumor suppressor genes develop mutations or are lost, cells start growing out of control, leading to cancer. However, a single functional copy of the tumor suppressor gene is enough for the cells to maintain their normal functions and cell...
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Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

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Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
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Gene Flow02:39

Gene Flow

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Gene flow is the transfer of genes among populations, resulting from either the dispersal of gametes or from the migration of individuals.
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Gene Families01:57

Gene Families

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Gene families consist of groups of genes proposed to have originated from a common ancestor. Typically these arise through events in which a gene or genes are mistakenly duplicated during cell division. Unlike their parent genes (which are subject to selection pressure to maintain function), these gene copies do not need to preserve their sequences and may evolve at a relatively faster rate.
Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...
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Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

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Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
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Gene Therapy00:59

Gene Therapy

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Gene therapy is a technique where a gene is inserted into a person’s cells to prevent or treat a serious disease. The added gene may be a healthy version of the gene that is mutated in the patient, or it could be a different gene that inactivates or compensates for the patient’s disease-causing gene. For example, in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to a mutation in the gene for the enzyme adenosine deaminase, a functioning version of the gene can be...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Genetic Screen for Identification of Multicopy Suppressors in Schizosaccharomyces pombe
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Tumour suppressor genes: oncogenesis update.

J Paul1

  • 1Department of Pathology, University of Glasgow, Western Infirmary, UK.

Histopathology
|July 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Tumor suppressor genes, crucial for normal cell development, are implicated in familial cancers. Their recessive nature in tumor cells suggests a two-hit mutation model, paving the way for gene therapy.

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Tumor suppressor genes, also known as anti-oncogenes, hemerogenes, or flatogenes, play a critical role in preventing cancer formation.
  • Evidence for their existence comes from various sources, including familial childhood tumors, Drosophila mutations, cell fusion experiments, and revertant cell lines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the genetic mechanisms underlying tumor suppression.
  • To investigate the inheritance patterns and cellular behavior of tumor suppressor genes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of familial cancer cases and inherited tumor predispositions.
  • Studies on recessive mutations in model organisms like Drosophila.
  • In vitro experiments involving the fusion of tumor cells with normal cells.

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Electrochemotherapy of Tumours
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  • Examination of revertant cell lines derived from oncogene-transformed cells.

    • Main Results:

    • Tumor suppressor genes may represent multiple classes, including those regulating normal cell differentiation.
    • In humans, mutations in these genes exhibit autosomal dominant inheritance in families due to heterozygosity.
    • Tumorigenesis appears to involve a second somatic mutation, leading to homozygosity or hemizygosity, making the mutations recessive at the cellular level.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding tumor suppressor gene function is key to cancer prevention and treatment.
    • Isolation of normal tumor suppressor genes could enable antenatal diagnosis and novel gene therapies for cancer patients.