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Mild traumatic brain injury and ADHD: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis
Bamidele O Adeyemo1, Joseph Biederman2, Ross Zafonte1
1Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.
Objective:
This study investigated the association between mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and ADHD, which increases risk of injuries and accidents.
Method:
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that examined the relationship between mTBI and ADHD.
Results:
Five studies, comprising 3,023 mTBI patients and 9,716 controls, fit our a priori inclusion and exclusion criteria. A meta-analysis found a significant association between ADHD and mTBI, which was significant when limited to studies that reported on ADHD subsequent to mTBI and when the direction of the association was not specified, but not for studies that reported mTBI subsequent to ADHD. Heterogeneity of effect size and publication biases were not evident.
Conclusion:
The literature documents a significant association between mTBI and ADHD. Further clarification of the relationship and direction of effect between mTBI and ADHD and treatment implications could have large clinical, scientific, and public health implications.
Insights
This study found a significant link between mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Understanding this association is crucial for public health and clinical practice.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Psychiatry
- Public Health
Background:
- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with an increased risk of injuries and accidents.
- Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) can have lasting neurological and behavioral consequences.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and meta-analyze existing literature on the association between mTBI and ADHD.
- To clarify the relationship and direction of effect between mTBI and ADHD.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of five studies.
- Inclusion of 3,023 mTBI patients and 9,716 controls.
- Analysis of studies examining the relationship between mTBI and ADHD.
Main Results:
- A significant association was found between ADHD and mTBI.
- The association was significant for studies reporting ADHD subsequent to mTBI and when direction was unspecified.
- No significant association was found for studies reporting mTBI subsequent to ADHD. Heterogeneity and publication bias were not evident.
Conclusions:
- The literature confirms a significant association between mTBI and ADHD.
- Further research is needed to clarify the direction of this relationship.
- Understanding this link has potential clinical, scientific, and public health implications.
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