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Role of isotope scan, including positron emission tomography/computed tomography, in nodular goitre

Luca Giovanella1, Luca Ceriani1, Giorgio Treglia1

  • 1Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT Centre, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland; EOC Competence Centre for Thyroid Diseases, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
|July 23, 2014
PubMed

Nuclear medicine techniques were first used in clinical practice for diagnosing and treating thyroid diseases in the 1950s, and are still an integral part of thyroid nodules work-up. Thyroid imaging with iodine or iodine-analogue isotopes is the only examination able to prove the presence of autonomously functioning thyroid tissue, which excludes malignancy with a high probability. In addition, a thyroid scan with technetium-99m-methoxyisobutylisonitrile is able to avoid unnecessary surgical procedures for cytologically inconclusive thyroid nodules, as confirmed by meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness studies. Finally, positron emission tomography alone, and positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography scans with (18)F-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose are also promising for diagnosing thyroid diseases, but further studies are needed before introducing them to clinical practice.

Keywords:
nodular goitrenuclear medicinepositron emission tomographyscintigraphy

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