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Related Concept Videos

Centrioles and Centrosomes01:13

Centrioles and Centrosomes

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Most animal cells comprise a pair of centrioles together called a centrosome. The cell duplicates its centrosome and contains two centrosomes side-by-side, which begin to move apart during the prophase. As the centrosomes migrate to two different sides of the cell, microtubules start extending from each centrosome toward the other end. The mitotic spindle is composed of the centrosomes and their emerging microtubules.
Near the end of the prophase, also called late prophase or...
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Centrosome Duplication02:25

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The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...
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Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

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Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3...
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The Mitotic Spindle02:27

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The mitotic spindle—or spindle apparatus—is a eukaryotic, cytoskeletal structure made up of long protein fibers called microtubules. Formed during cell division, the spindle separates sister chromatids and moves them to opposite ends of a parental cell, where the now individual chromosomes are distributed to two daughter cell nuclei.
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Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Isolation and Fluorescence Imaging for Single-particle Reconstruction of Chlamydomonas Centrioles
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Isolation and Fluorescence Imaging for Single-particle Reconstruction of Chlamydomonas Centrioles

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Centriole structure.

Mark Winey1, Eileen O'Toole2

  • 1Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA mark.winey@colorado.edu.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
|July 23, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Centrioles, large protein structures in cells, feature a core scaffold of nine triplet microtubules. Associated structures like the cartwheel and appendages offer insights into centriole function and age.

Keywords:
cartwheeldistal appendagesluminal densitypericentriolar materialsubdistal appendagestriplet microtubules

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Structural Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Centrioles are large, essential protein structures in most eukaryotic cells.
  • They possess a complex internal organization crucial for cellular functions.
  • Understanding centriole structure is key to understanding cell division and organization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review ultrastructural observations of centrioles and their associated components.
  • To highlight advancements in imaging techniques for studying centriole structure.
  • To identify remaining challenges and future research directions in centriole biology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of electron microscopy (EM) and electron tomography (ET) data.
  • Inclusion of recent cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) and cryotomography studies.
  • Analysis of subvolume averaging techniques for high-resolution structural data.

Main Results:

  • Detailed description of the centriole's core microtubule scaffold (nine triplet microtubules).
  • Discussion of internal structures: cartwheel and luminal density.
  • Examination of external components: intercentriolar connectors and appendages, linked to age and function.

Conclusions:

  • Centriole structure is intricate, involving a microtubule core, internal densities, and external appendages.
  • Advanced imaging techniques like cryo-EM are revolutionizing structural analysis.
  • Future research should focus on protein mapping and mutation effects on centriole structure and function.