Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

1.0K
Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic...
1.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Psychoactive substance use and salivary periodontal pathogens among pregnant women in rural Rwanda.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

A Framework for the In Vivo Production of Extensively Engineered Thiopeptides.

ACS synthetic biology·2026
Same author

Association between kidney function and risk of hyponatremia: a single-center, cross-sectional study in the outpatient setting.

Clinical and experimental nephrology·2026
Same author

Current status of assisted peritoneal dialysis in Japan: A nationwide questionnaire survey.

Peritoneal dialysis international : journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis·2026
Same author

Process-analytical study of IL-6 refolding during batch buffer exchange.

European biophysics journal : EBJ·2026
Same author

Environmental, Lifestyle, Medical, and Dietary Factors Associated With Hie (Subjective Coldness) Among Japanese Women: A Web-Based Cross-Sectional Survey.

Cureus·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Intracortical Inhibition Within the Primary Motor Cortex Can Be Modulated by Changing the Focus of Attention
09:48

Intracortical Inhibition Within the Primary Motor Cortex Can Be Modulated by Changing the Focus of Attention

Published on: September 11, 2017

9.7K

Transcranial extracellular impedance control (tEIC) modulates behavioral performances.

Ayumu Matani1, Masaaki Nakayama2, Mayumi Watanabe1

  • 1Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.

Plos One
|July 23, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Transcranial extracellular impedance control (tEIC) is a novel technique that modulates brain activity by altering extracellular impedance, unlike electric brain stimulation. This method demonstrated real-time effects on electroencephalograms and reaction times in behavioral experiments.

More Related Videos

Performing Behavioral Tasks in Subjects with Intracranial Electrodes
12:10

Performing Behavioral Tasks in Subjects with Intracranial Electrodes

Published on: October 2, 2014

11.1K
Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance
13:20

Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance

Published on: December 5, 2025

1.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Intracortical Inhibition Within the Primary Motor Cortex Can Be Modulated by Changing the Focus of Attention
09:48

Intracortical Inhibition Within the Primary Motor Cortex Can Be Modulated by Changing the Focus of Attention

Published on: September 11, 2017

9.7K
Performing Behavioral Tasks in Subjects with Intracranial Electrodes
12:10

Performing Behavioral Tasks in Subjects with Intracranial Electrodes

Published on: October 2, 2014

11.1K
Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance
13:20

Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance

Published on: December 5, 2025

1.4K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biophysics
  • Electrical Engineering

Background:

  • Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques like transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS), and transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) modulate brain activity and behavior by applying artificial electric currents.
  • These stimulation methods can be modeled as artificial electric sources connected to a linear electrical circuit approximating the brain's distributed parameters, including neuronal sources and volume conductor impedances.
  • The superposition theorem applies to these linear models, indicating that artificial electric sources alter current distribution within the brain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and evaluate a novel brain modulation technique: transcranial extracellular impedance control (tEIC).
  • To investigate the electrophysiological and behavioral effects of tEIC, contrasting it with traditional electric brain stimulation methods.
  • To determine if altering extracellular impedance, rather than applying forced stimulation, can effectively modulate brain activity and performance.

Main Methods:

  • Modeling the brain as a linear distributed parameter circuit, similar to electroencephalogram (EEG) forward models.
  • Replacing artificial electric sources (DC, noise, AC) with resistors (or negative resistors) to control extracellular impedance.
  • Conducting a behavioral experiment to assess the real-time effects of tEIC on EEG signals and reaction times.

Main Results:

  • Transcranial extracellular impedance control (tEIC) demonstrated real-time enhancement and depression effects on electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings.
  • The study found evidence of a real-time facilitation effect on reaction times when using tEIC.
  • tEIC was shown to modulate current distribution within the brain by affecting active electric sources through impedance control.

Conclusions:

  • Transcranial extracellular impedance control (tEIC) presents a new paradigm for modulating brain activity and behavior, distinct from conventional electric stimulation.
  • tEIC functions by controlling extracellular impedance rather than inducing forced electrical stimulation, offering a different mechanism of neural modulation.
  • The observed real-time effects on EEG and reaction times suggest tEIC is a viable technique for influencing cognitive and motor performance.