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Vaccinations01:51

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Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid...
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Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the...
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Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...
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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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Role of vaccine age restrictions on rotavirus vaccine coverage, Vaccine Safety Datalink 2018-2024.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Assays for the Specific Growth Rate and Cell-binding Ability of Rotavirus
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Assays for the Specific Growth Rate and Cell-binding Ability of Rotavirus

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Rotavirus vaccines in routine use.

Jacqueline E Tate1, Umesh D Parashar1

  • 1Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
|July 23, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Rotavirus vaccines significantly reduce severe diarrhea, hospitalizations, and deaths in children globally. Continued research is needed to enhance vaccine effectiveness, especially in lower-middle-income countries.

Keywords:
rotavirusrotavirus vaccine

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Vaccinology
  • Public health

Background:

  • Rotavirus is a leading cause of severe childhood diarrhea worldwide.
  • Effective vaccines are available to prevent rotavirus infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review clinical trial data for rotavirus vaccines.
  • To summarize postlicensure data on vaccine effectiveness, impact, and safety.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical trial data.
  • Analysis of postlicensure surveillance data from national immunization programs.

Main Results:

  • Rotavirus vaccines have reduced diarrhea hospitalizations (17%-55%) and deaths (22%-50%) in various settings.
  • Indirect protection observed in some high-income countries.
  • Increasing vaccine introduction in lower-middle-income countries.

Conclusions:

  • Rotavirus vaccines demonstrate a highly favorable risk-benefit profile.
  • Strategies to improve vaccine effectiveness in lower-middle-income countries warrant consideration.