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Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability

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In linear magnetic materials, like paramagnets and diamagnets, magnetization is proportional to the magnetic field intensity. The constant of proportionality, a dimensionless number, is called magnetic susceptibility. The value of the susceptibility depends on the type of material.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains

Published on: July 20, 2022

Magnetic force microscopy: quantitative issues in biomaterials.

Daniele Passeri¹, Chunhua Dong², Melania Reggente¹

¹Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering; University of Rome Sapienza; Rome, Italy.

|July 23, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) images nanoscale magnetic properties. This technique is increasingly used in biology and medicine, with applications in drug delivery and cancer cell detection.

Keywords:

cell labelling drug delivery ferritin folic acid receptor leukemia cell magnetic force microscopy magnetic nanoparticle magnetoferritin niosome vesicle

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Biophysics

Background:

Magnetic Force Microscopy (MFM) is an Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)-based technique for nanoscale magnetic field probing.
MFM provides high spatial resolution imaging of magnetic properties, crucial for various materials.
Its applications are expanding into biological and biomedical fields.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and present case studies of MFM applications in biological and biomedical research.
To demonstrate MFM's utility in characterizing novel magnetic nanomaterials and biological systems.
To highlight the quantitative analysis of MFM data and its potential for evaluating magnetic properties.

Main Methods:

Utilized Magnetic Force Microscopy (MFM) with magnetic-coated AFM tips.
Applied MFM to characterize magnetoferritin, magnetic nanoparticle-loaded niosomes, and folate receptor-targeted leukemic cells.
Performed quantitative analysis of MFM data, assessing model limitations.

Main Results:

MFM successfully characterized magnetoferritin, niosomes for drug delivery, and labeled cancer cells.
Quantitative analysis revealed limitations of current simple analytical models for MFM data.
Demonstrated MFM's capability to evaluate magnetic properties like magnetic momentum and nanoparticle uptake.

Conclusions:

MFM is a versatile tool for nanoscale magnetic characterization with growing biomedical applications.
Accurate quantitative analysis requires sophisticated models to simulate MFM responses.
MFM can be effectively used to assess magnetic properties in biological systems, aiding in drug delivery and diagnostics.