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Related Concept Videos

Computed Tomography01:10

Computed Tomography

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Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
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DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Visualization of Failure and the Associated Grain-Scale Mechanical Behavior of Granular Soils under Shear using Synchrotron X-Ray Micro-Tomography
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Dynamic bowtie filter for cone-beam/multi-slice CT.

Fenglin Liu1, Qingsong Yang2, Wenxiang Cong2

  • 1Key Lab of Optoelectronic Technology and System, Engineering Research Center of Industrial Computed Tomography Nondestructive Testing, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China; Biomedical Imaging Center, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, United States of America.

Plos One
|July 23, 2014
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel 3D dynamic bowtie for cone-beam CT, extending 2D technology. The new design balances photon flux, reducing signal range and potentially lowering radiation dose for better imaging.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Biomedical Imaging
  • Radiological Sciences

Background:

  • Dynamic bowtie filters modulate X-ray flux based on angle to equalize detector signals.
  • Current dynamic bowtie designs are limited to fan-beam geometries.
  • A need exists for dynamic bowtie solutions in multi-slice/cone-beam CT.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and evaluate a methodology for designing a 3D dynamic bowtie for multi-slice/cone-beam geometry.
  • To extend the 2D dynamic bowtie concept to 3D.
  • To assess the performance of the 3D dynamic bowtie in balancing photon flux and reducing signal dynamic range.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a 3D dynamic bowtie comprising a highly attenuating bowtie (HB) with heavy liquid and a weakly attenuating bowtie (WB) within the HB.
  • Modeled scanning scenarios for an elliptical water phantom.
  • Conducted numerical simulations comparing performance with and without the dynamic bowtie for a water phantom and patient cross-section.

Main Results:

  • The 3D dynamic bowtie successfully equalized detected photon counts in the water phantom.
  • The dynamic bowtie significantly reduced the dynamic range of detected signals in practical scenarios.
  • The WB, a scaled negative of the object, can be individualized using 3D printing.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed 3D dynamic bowtie methodology effectively extends the concept to cone-beam geometry.
  • This approach can equalize photon flux, reduce signal dynamic range, and potentially lower radiation dose.
  • The technology facilitates advanced detection methods like photon-counting detection.