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Acute hyperammonaemia induces a sustained decrease in vigilance, which is modulated by caffeine.

E P Casula1, P S Bisiacchi, M Corrias

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padova, Italy.

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Summary
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Acute hyperammonaemia, a condition of high ammonia levels, impairs vigilance and increases sleepiness. Caffeine intake can significantly mitigate these negative effects, improving cognitive performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Hyperammonaemia is linked to intense exercise and hepatic failure, causing neurological issues like hepatic encephalopathy.
  • Understanding the immediate cognitive impact of acute hyperammonaemia is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify vigilance changes during induced hyperammonaemia.
  • To determine if caffeine can counteract hyperammonaemia's effects on vigilance.

Main Methods:

  • Ten healthy volunteers participated in three experimental sessions.
  • Measurements included capillary ammonia, subjective sleepiness (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale), and vigilance (Psychomotor Vigilance Task).
  • Sessions involved a placebo, an amino acid challenge (AAC) to induce hyperammonaemia, and AAC with coffee.

Main Results:

  • The amino acid challenge successfully elevated ammonia levels and increased subjective sleepiness.
  • A sustained decrease in vigilance, indicated by slower reaction times on the PVT, was observed post-AAC.
  • Caffeine administration following the AAC significantly reduced subjective sleepiness and reaction time impairments.

Conclusions:

  • Acute hyperammonaemia demonstrably reduces vigilance and increases sleepiness.
  • A single dose of espresso coffee can attenuate the negative cognitive effects of acute hyperammonaemia.