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Related Concept Videos

DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

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DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
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Transposons01:24

Transposons

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Transposons, or "jumping genes," are small mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that range from 700 to 40,000 base pairs in length. They are found in all organisms and can move within the same chromosome or transfer to different chromosomes. In some cases, transposons can also jump between different host DNA molecules, such as plasmids or viruses, contributing to genetic variability.Barbara McClintock first discovered these mobile genetic elements in the 1940s while studying maize genetics, and she...
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Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

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Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
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LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

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LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
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Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs

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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Generating Transposon Insertion Libraries in Gram-Negative Bacteria for High-Throughput Sequencing
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mPing: The bursting transposon.

Ken Naito1, Yuki Monden2, Kanako Yasuda3

  • 1Genetic Resource Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences , 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602 , Japan.

Breeding Science
|July 24, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Transposable elements (TEs) can drive evolution. Researchers studied the active DNA transposon mPing in rice, observing its insertion behavior and impact on gene regulation, revealing its evolutionary potential.

Keywords:
Oryza sativagene regulationgenome evolutiontransposable element

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Transposable elements (TEs) are major drivers of genomic evolution.
  • Previous studies faced limitations due to ancient TE insertions or low copy numbers of active TEs.
  • The active DNA transposon mPing in rice presents a unique model for studying TE behavior and impact.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the insertion patterns and functional consequences of the active DNA transposon mPing in rice.
  • To assess the role of mPing in shaping gene regulatory networks and driving evolutionary innovation.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive analysis of mPing insertion sites in the rice genome.
  • Examination of the impact of mPing insertions on the transcription of neighboring genes.

Main Results:

  • mPing insertions were found to avoid exons and preferentially target promoter regions.
  • mPing moderately influences the transcription of adjacent genes.
  • Some mPing insertions resulted in potentially beneficial gene expression profiles.

Conclusions:

  • The active DNA transposon mPing provides a model for observing TE dynamics and evolutionary impact.
  • mPing's insertion preferences and effects on gene regulation suggest its role in the de novo formation of gene regulatory networks.
  • TEs like mPing hold significant potential for driving evolutionary adaptation and innovation.