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Related Concept Videos

Heart Valves01:16

Heart Valves

14.5K
The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...
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Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

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IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
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The Aorta01:14

The Aorta

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The aorta is the largest artery in the human body. It originates from the left ventricle of the heart and extends down to the abdomen, where it splits into two smaller arteries. Structurally, it can be divided into four main parts: the ascending aorta, the aortic arch, the thoracic aorta, and the abdominal aorta.
The average diameter of the aorta is approximately 2-3 cm, but the size can vary depending on the section of the aorta and the individual's age, sex, and body size. The aorta is...
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Development of the Heart01:27

Development of the Heart

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The development of the human heart, a crucial organ, commences from the mesoderm on the 18th or 19th day after fertilization. This process initiates in the cardiogenic area, a group of mesodermal cells at the embryo's head end, which evolves into elongated strands known as cardiogenic cords. These cords undergo a transformation to form hollow-centered endocardial tubes.
As the embryo undergoes lateral folding, these paired tubes approach each other, merging into a single primitive heart...
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Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

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Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Design of a Cyclic Pressure Bioreactor for the Ex Vivo Study of Aortic Heart Valves
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Design of a Cyclic Pressure Bioreactor for the Ex Vivo Study of Aortic Heart Valves

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The living aortic valve: From molecules to function.

Adrian H Chester, Ismail El-Hamamsy1, Jonathan T Butcher2

  • 1Montreal Heart Institute Belanger St. East Montreal, Canada.

Global Cardiology Science & Practice
|July 24, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The aortic valve is a dynamic, living organ adapting to mechanical stress. Tissue engineering aims to create living valve substitutes for aortic valve replacement, mimicking native valve function.

Keywords:
Cellscalcificationdevelopmental biologyendotheliummechanobiologynanostructure aortic stenosisnerves

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Design of a Cyclic Pressure Bioreactor for the Ex Vivo Study of Aortic Heart Valves
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Design of a Cyclic Pressure Bioreactor for the Ex Vivo Study of Aortic Heart Valves

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Culturing Mouse Cardiac Valves in the Miniature Tissue Culture System
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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • The aortic valve experiences complex hemodynamic stresses throughout the cardiac cycle.
  • Historically viewed as passive, the aortic valve is now recognized as a dynamic, living tissue.
  • Native aortic valve function is crucial for long-term cardiovascular health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the dynamic nature of the aortic valve.
  • To emphasize the importance of cellular components in aortic valve function and durability.
  • To underscore the potential of tissue engineering for creating living aortic valve substitutes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical experience and basic research on aortic valve biomechanics.
  • Analysis of the aortic valve's adaptive capacity to its mechanical environment.
  • Exploration of tissue engineering strategies for heart valve replacement.

Main Results:

  • The aortic valve actively adapts to a wide range of mechanical stresses.
  • Cellular communication within the valve is key to its integrity and function.
  • Living valve substitutes are clinically relevant for aortic valve replacement.

Conclusions:

  • The aortic valve is a living, dynamic organ, not a passive structure.
  • Tissue-engineered heart valves with living cells are essential for replicating native function.
  • Developing functional, living aortic valve substitutes is a critical goal in cardiovascular research.