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    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Virology
    • Avian Pathology
    • Molecular Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Marek's disease (MD) is a significant lymphoproliferative disease in chickens caused by Marek's disease virus (MDV).
    • Pathotyping MDV field strains is vital for monitoring virulence shifts but is resource-intensive.
    • Alternative, faster diagnostic methods are needed for rapid outbreak response.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate virus replication and organ weights as potential alternatives to traditional pathotyping for virulent MDV strains.
    • To confirm previously observed correlations between virus replication and virulence in a larger MDV strain collection.
    • To assess the utility of these markers in differentiating between virulent (v), very virulent (vv), and very virulent plus (vv+) MDV pathotypes.

    Main Methods:

    • MDV strains (n=15) were inoculated into maternal antibody-negative (ab-) and maternal antibody-positive (ab+) chickens.
    • Virus replication was quantified in bursa, brain, and lung samples at 9 and 11 days postinoculation (dpi).
    • Body weights and relative organ weights (thymus, bursa) were measured; statistical analyses compared outcomes between pathotypes.

    Main Results:

    • Virus replication correlated with virulence between vMDV and higher virulent strains, but not consistently between vv and vv+MDV groups.
    • Chickens infected with vv and vv+MDV showed significantly lower body and relative organ weights compared to vMDV-infected birds.
    • Differences in virus replication and organ weights were significant in ab- chickens but not in ab+ chickens, highlighting the need for antibody-negative models.

    Conclusions:

    • Virus replication and organ weights are insufficient to reliably differentiate all virulent MDV pathotypes (v, vv, vv+) as alternatives to pathotyping.
    • These markers may help establish a virulence threshold to identify field strains warranting traditional pathotyping.
    • Maternal antibody-negative chickens are essential for detecting subtle differences in MDV virulence using these assays.