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Related Concept Videos

Sampling Methods: Sample Types01:18

Sampling Methods: Sample Types

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Sampling materials are classified into three main types: solid, liquid, and gas.
Solid samples include a variety of substances, such as sediments from water bodies, soil, metals, and biological tissues. Two standard methods for extracting sediments from water bodies are grab sampling and piston coring. Grab sampling involves using a device to collect a discrete sediment sample from the bottom of a water body with minimal disturbance. Grab samples do not always represent the entire area due to...
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Sampling Plans01:23

Sampling Plans

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Sampling is a crucial step in analytical chemistry, allowing researchers to collect representative data from a large population. Common sampling methods include random, judgmental, systematic, stratified, and cluster sampling.
Random sampling is a method where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected for the sample. It involves selecting individuals randomly, often using random number generators or lottery-type methods. For example, when analyzing the properties of a...
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Gravimetry: Overview01:05

Gravimetry: Overview

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Gravimetric analysis is a quantitative method where the analyte is isolated and weighed directly or after conversion into a substance of known composition. Gravimetric analysis can be classified as precipitation, electrogravimetry, volatilization, and particulate gravimetry, based on the method used to isolate the analyte.
In precipitation gravimetry, the analyte is converted into a precipitate and weighed. For example, the silver content in a sample can be estimated by precipitating and...
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Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II01:19

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II

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In gas chromatography, different detectors are employed to meet specific analytical needs. These detectors are often categorized based on their detection mechanisms and the types of compounds they are best suited to analyze. Thermal Conductivity Detectors (TCD), Flame Ionization Detectors (FID), and Electron Capture Detectors (ECD) represent common categories, each with unique operating principles and applications. However, beyond these, several other detectors are designed for more specialized...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 14, 2026

Visualizing Field Data Collection Procedures of Exposure and Biomarker Assessments for the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial in India
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[Sampling methods for PM2.5 from stationary sources: a review].

Jing-Kun Jiang, Jian-Guo Deng, Zhen Li

    Huan Jing Ke Xue= Huanjing Kexue
    |July 25, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    China

    Area of Science:

    • Environmental Science
    • Atmospheric Chemistry
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • China's new national ambient air quality standard (2012, implemented 2016) necessitates control of particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) from stationary sources.
    • Currently, no standardized national method exists for sampling PM2.5 from stationary sources in China.
    • Effective PM2.5 emission control is crucial for meeting air quality targets.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review existing PM2.5 sampling methods for stationary sources.
    • To compare these methods with international standards.
    • To provide recommendations for establishing national standards in China.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of PM2.5 sampling techniques for stationary sources.
    • Analysis of methods used in flue gas and post-dilution sampling.

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  • Evaluation of advantages and disadvantages of various sampling approaches.

    • Main Results:

    • Various methods for PM2.5 sampling in flue gas (e.g., impactors, virtual impactors) and after dilution were identified and assessed.
    • Both approaches have distinct benefits and drawbacks.
    • No single method is universally superior for all applications.

    Conclusions:

    • For environmental management and determining filterable PM2.5, flue gas sampling methods like impactors are recommended as a standard.
    • To assess the environmental and health impacts of PM2.5 from stationary sources, a standardized dilution method for total PM2.5 sampling should be developed.