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Related Concept Videos

Action Potentials01:41

Action Potentials

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The Resting Membrane Potential01:21

The Resting Membrane Potential

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Resting Membrane Potential01:24

Resting Membrane Potential

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The relative difference in electrical charge, or voltage, between the inside and the outside of a cell membrane, is called the membrane potential. It is generated by differences in permeability of the membrane to various ions and the concentrations of these ions across the membrane.
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The membrane potential of a cell can be measured by inserting a microelectrode into a cell and comparing the charge to a reference electrode in the extracellular fluid. The...
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Resting Potential Decay01:15

Resting Potential Decay

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The resting membrane potential of a neuron (-70mV) is sustained due to the selective ion permeability of the membrane. At the resting potential, the membrane is slightly permeable to ions like sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl−) and highly permeable to potassium ions (K+). Differences in the ions' concentration inside the cell compared to the outside are maintained by membrane transport proteins like channels and pumps.
At rest, the K+ is the main ion that moves across the membrane...
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Generation of Action Potential in Skeletal Muscles01:24

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Every cell in the body maintains a membrane potential due to an uneven distribution of positive and negative charges across its plasma membrane. The membrane potential is measured in millivolts and quantifies the difference in charge across the membrane.
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Motor Unit Stimulation01:20

Motor Unit Stimulation

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When the neuron of a motor unit fires an action potential, it triggers a series of events, leading to a twitch contraction in the muscle fibers. The process of excitation-contraction coupling is crucial in relaying the action potential to the muscle fibers.
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Related Experiment Videos

Neuronal STIMulation at rest.

Robert Hooper1, Brad S Rothberg1, Jonathan Soboloff2

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.

Science Signaling
|July 25, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) proteins STIM and Orai activate neuronal transcription factors at rest. This occurs via constitutive endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium release, offering new insights into neuronal calcium signaling.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Physiology

Background:

  • Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) is mediated by STIM and Orai proteins.
  • While extensively studied in immune cells, SOCE roles in neurons remain less understood.
  • Neurons possess numerous voltage-operated calcium channels, making the significance of SOCE less apparent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of STIM and Orai proteins in neuronal function.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms of calcium signaling in resting neurons.

Main Methods:

  • The study by Lalonde et al. focused on analyzing STIM and Orai protein functions in neuronal cells.
  • Investigated calcium dynamics and transcriptional factor activation under resting conditions.

Main Results:

  • Constitutive endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium release was observed in resting neurons.
  • This ER calcium release triggers SOCE, leading to the activation of neuronal transcription factors.
  • This mechanism highlights the importance of Orai1 channels in neurons despite their low abundance.

Conclusions:

  • Neuronal transcription factors can be activated by SOCE even when neurons are hyperpolarized or at rest.
  • Constitutive ER calcium release is a key feature of resting neurons, driving SOCE.
  • The findings provide a novel perspective on the functional significance of SOCE components, like Orai1, in neuronal physiology.