Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 26, 2026
A Rehabilitation Program of Exoskeleton-assisted Body Weight-Supported Treadmill Training with Non-immersive Virtual Reality for Stroke Patients
Published on: May 16, 2025
Improvement in balance using a virtual reality-based stepping exercise: a randomized controlled trial involving
Roberto Lloréns1, José-Antonio Gil-Gómez2, Mariano Alcañiz2
1Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación en Bioingeniería y Tecnología Orientada al Ser Humano, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain Servicio de Neurorrehabilitación y Daño Cerebral de los Hospitales NISA, Fundación Hospitales NISA, Valencia, Spain rllorens@labhuman.com.
Objective:
To study the clinical effectiveness and the usability of a virtual reality-based intervention compared with conventional physical therapy in the balance recovery of individuals with chronic stroke.
Design:
Randomized controlled trial.
Setting:
Outpatient neurorehabilitation unit.
Participants:
A total of 20 individuals with chronic stroke.
Interventions:
The intervention consisted of 20 one-hour sessions, five sessions per week. The experimental group combined 30 minutes with the virtual reality-based intervention with 30 minutes of conventional training. The control group underwent one hour conventional therapy.
Main Measures:
Balance performance was assessed at the beginning and at the end of the trial using the Berg Balance Scale, the balance and gait subscales of the Tinetti Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment, the Brunel Balance Assessment, and the 10-m Walking Test. Subjective data of the virtual reality-based intervention were collected from the experimental group, with a feedback questionnaire at the end of the trial.
Results:
The results revealed a significant group-by-time interaction in the scores of the Berg Balance Scale (p < 0.05) and in the 10-m Walking Test (p < 0.05). Post-hoc analyses showed greater improvement in the experimental group: 3.8 ±2.6 vs. 1.8 ±1.4 in the Berg Balance Scale, -1.9 ±1.6 seconds vs. 0.0 ±2.3 seconds in the 10-m Walking Test, and also in the number of participants who increased level in the Brunel Balance Assessment (χ(2) = 2.5, p < 0.01).
Conclusions:
Virtual reality interventions can be an effective resource to enhance the improvement of balance in individuals with chronic stroke.
