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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Myeloid Innate Signaling Pathway Regulation by MALT1 Paracaspase Activity
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Immune modulation by butyrophilins.

Heather A Arnett1, Joanne L Viney2

  • 1Department of Inflammation, Amgen, Seattle, Washington, USA.

Nature Reviews. Immunology
|July 26, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Butyrophilins, previously known for lactation, are now recognized as key immune regulators. This review explores their immunomodulatory roles and therapeutic potential in immune homeostasis.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • The B7 family of co-stimulatory molecules critically regulates immune cell activation and inhibition.
  • Butyrophilins, a related family, exhibit similar immunomodulatory functions, challenging previous understanding of their role solely in lactation.
  • Emerging evidence suggests butyrophilins may constitute a novel subset of co-stimulatory molecules.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the expression patterns of butyrophilin family members.
  • To explore the immunomodulatory functions of butyrophilins.
  • To discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting butyrophilins for immune homeostasis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on butyrophilin expression and function.

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  • Analysis of data on the immunomodulatory roles of butyrophilins.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on butyrophilins in immune homeostasis.

    • Main Results:

    • Butyrophilins are expressed in various immune cells and tissues.
    • Butyrophilins modulate immune responses, contributing to immune homeostasis.
    • These molecules present novel targets for therapeutic intervention.

    Conclusions:

    • Butyrophilins possess significant immunomodulatory functions beyond lactation.
    • Targeting butyrophilins offers potential therapeutic strategies for immune-related diseases.
    • Further research into butyrophilins is crucial for understanding immune regulation.