Mechanisms of aortic aneurysm formation: translating preclinical studies into clinical therapies

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Medicine
• Vascular Biology
• Translational Medicine

Background:

• Aortic aneurysms, particularly in the abdominal and thoracic aorta, are prevalent vascular conditions.
• Aneurysm progression significantly increases the risk of life-threatening aortic rupture.
• Current treatments are limited to surgical repair, lacking effective pharmaceutical interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide an overview of the current understanding of aneurysm initiation and progression mechanisms.
• To summarize medical therapies investigated in clinical settings for aortic aneurysms.
• To identify and highlight potential future therapeutic targets for aneurysm treatment.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of mechanisms underlying aneurysm formation, progression, and rupture.
• Analysis of clinical trial data for investigated medical therapies.
• Identification of preclinical and clinical therapeutic targets.

Main Results:

• Several mechanisms driving aneurysm initiation and progression have been elucidated through animal models.
• A limited number of potential therapeutic targets are currently in clinical evaluation.
• Numerous other targets are in preclinical stages, indicating active research and development.

Conclusions:

• A deeper understanding of aneurysm pathogenesis is crucial for developing effective medical therapies.
• While some targets are in clinical trials, many promising avenues require further preclinical investigation.
• Future research should focus on translating preclinical findings into clinically validated pharmaceutical treatments for aortic aneurysms.