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Related Concept Videos

Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

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Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
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Pain01:20

Pain

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Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
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Non-gated Ion Channels01:24

Non-gated Ion Channels

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Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
Compared to the gated ion channels, the non-gated channels, also known as leakage or passive channels, have no gating mechanism....
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Local Anesthetics: Mechanism of Action01:23

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Local anesthetics (LAs) block sensory and motor impulses by inhibiting the sodium channels on the nerve cell membranes. This induces temporary loss of sensation, relieving pain in a specific body area.
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Voltage-gated Ion Channels01:26

Voltage-gated Ion Channels

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Voltage-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential. They are present on the membranes of all electrically excitable cells such as neurons, heart, and muscle cells.
Generally, all voltage-gated ion channels have a 'voltage-sensing domain' that spans the lipid bilayer. The charged residues in the sensor move in response to the membrane potential changes that open the channel allowing ions movement. There are several types of...
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Nociception01:44

Nociception

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Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain.
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Related Experiment Video

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The Sciatic Nerve Cuffing Model of Neuropathic Pain in Mice
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Recent progress in sodium channel modulators for pain.

Sharan K Bagal1, Mark L Chapman2, Brian E Marron3

  • 1Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Neusentis, The Portway Building, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6GS, UK.

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters
|July 26, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Voltage-gated sodium channels (Navs) are key targets for pain drug discovery. Advances in genetic data, screening technologies, and structural biology are accelerating the development of novel Nav therapeutics.

Keywords:
Electrophysiology screeningSodium channel drugsSodium channel structureSodium channel toxinsVoltage-gated sodium channels

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Neuroscience
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Voltage-gated sodium channels (Navs) are crucial transmembrane proteins.
  • Nav drug discovery is a rapidly expanding field, particularly for pain therapeutics.
  • Genetic data (e.g., SCN10A mutations) and advanced screening platforms (IonWorks Barracuda®, Synchropatch®, Qube®) have fueled pharmaceutical investment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the growing importance and recent advancements in voltage-gated sodium channel drug discovery.
  • To underscore the potential of Navs as therapeutic targets for pain management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of emerging clinical data for Nav-targeting drugs (e.g., AZD-3161, XEN402).
  • Incorporation of recent breakthroughs in Nav structural biology.
  • Analysis of genetic associations and high-throughput screening methodologies.

Main Results:

  • Significant expansion of pharmaceutical investment in Navs for pain therapeutics.
  • Emerging clinical data suggests promising therapeutic potential.
  • Recent structural biology insights are facilitating prospective drug discovery.

Conclusions:

  • Voltage-gated sodium channels represent a highly promising area for future drug discovery, especially for pain.
  • The convergence of genetic, clinical, and structural data is poised to drive innovation in Nav-targeted therapies.