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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Comparison of Agreement and Accuracy using Binocular Wavefront Optometer with Autorefractor and Phoropter
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Central and peripheral autorefraction repeatability in normal eyes.

Kelly E Moore1, David A Berntsen

  • 1*BS †OD, PhD, FAAO University of Houston, College of Optometry, Houston, Texas (both authors).

Optometry and Vision Science : Official Publication of the American Academy of Optometry
|July 26, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study found that peripheral autorefraction measurements using the Grand Seiko WAM-5500 are repeatable in normal eyes. Repeatability decreases with increasing eccentricity but remains reliable for peripheral refraction studies.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Optometry
  • Vision Science

Background:

  • Accurate refractive error measurement is crucial for understanding visual function.
  • Peripheral refraction assessment is gaining importance for myopia progression and management.
  • The repeatability of autorefraction devices in peripheral visual fields needs to be established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the between-visit repeatability of peripheral autorefraction measurements.
  • To evaluate the performance of the Grand Seiko WAM-5500 autorefractor in measuring refractive error off-axis.
  • To determine the reliability of peripheral autorefraction for longitudinal studies.

Main Methods:

  • Cycloplegic autorefraction was performed on 25 myopic adults using the Grand Seiko WAM-5500.
  • Measurements were taken centrally and at ±20, ±30, ±40 degrees eccentricity in the horizontal meridian.
  • Repeatability was assessed by analyzing bias and 95% limits of agreement (LoA) between two visits.

Main Results:

  • No significant between-visit bias was found for any refractive component at any location.
  • Central 95% LoA for defocus (M) was ±0.21 D, increasing to ±0.88 D at 40 degrees eccentricity.
  • 95% LoA for relative peripheral refraction (RPR) increased with eccentricity, reaching ±0.82 D at 40 degrees.

Conclusions:

  • Cycloplegic autorefraction repeatability is best centrally and decreases with increasing eccentricity.
  • Peripheral autorefraction with the Grand Seiko WAM-5500 demonstrates acceptable repeatability, even in the far periphery.
  • These findings support the use of this device for interpreting peripheral measurements in longitudinal research.