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Stringent and efficient assessment of boson-sampling devices.

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Certifying boson sampling experiments is challenging. This study shows a test using Fourier matrices can rule out non-quantum explanations for experimental results, verifying true quantum interference.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum computing and quantum information science.
  • Foundations of quantum mechanics and computational complexity.

Background:

  • Boson sampling is a proposed quantum computational task with potential to challenge the extended Church-Turing thesis.
  • Experimental verification of boson sampling is complex, requiring confirmation of quantum predictions and exclusion of classical or semiclassical models.
  • The computational hardness of boson sampling makes direct verification difficult, especially in regimes where quantum devices outperform classical computers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for certifying the results of boson sampling experiments.
  • To distinguish true many-boson quantum interference from predictions made by alternative, non-quantum models.
  • To falsify physically plausible semiclassical models that might mimic boson sampling outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated a semiclassical model for simulating many-boson propagation.
  • Analyzed coarse-grained observables proposed as witnesses for boson sampling.
  • Developed and applied a test based on Fourier matrices to distinguish quantum from semiclassical predictions.

Main Results:

  • A semiclassical model was found to reproduce certain coarse-grained observables used as boson sampling witnesses.
  • The Fourier matrix test successfully falsified physically plausible alternative models.
  • This demonstrates a viable method for verifying genuine quantum many-boson interference in boson sampling experiments.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed Fourier matrix test provides a robust method for certifying boson sampling devices.
  • Experimental falsification of alternative models is achievable, strengthening the case for quantum computational advantage.
  • This work contributes to the foundational understanding of quantum computation and its experimental verification.