Synthesis and characterization of Ce-substituted hydroxyapatite by sol-gel method

Both undoped hydroxyapatite (HAp) and three Ce-substituted HAp samples with variable amounts (from 0.5 to 2 at.%) of Ce were synthesized by sol-gel method. The samples were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy to determine the crystallite size, crystallinity degree, phases, functional groups, morphology and elemental composition. In all samples, the amount of HAp exceeded 92%, while the amount of admixture β-TCP was always below 8% and no changes were observed by addition of Ce. The crystallinity degree of the samples was always within 84-89%, while the calculated dimensions of crystallites appeared to be within 26-35nm. The microstructure and elemental composition of all the samples were found to be affected by the addition of Ce.