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Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides02:26

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

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Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.
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Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

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Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production
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Amorphous molybdenum sulfides as hydrogen evolution catalysts.

Carlos G Morales-Guio1, Xile Hu

  • 1Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Catalysis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , BCH 3305, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.

Accounts of Chemical Research
|July 29, 2014
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Summary

Amorphous molybdenum sulfide catalysts offer a cost-effective solution for solar energy storage via hydrogen production. These nonprecious catalysts demonstrate high efficiency in water splitting, paving the way for sustainable energy solutions.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Renewable Energy

Background:

  • Global energy demand necessitates sustainable, CO2-emission-free sources.
  • Solar energy is abundant but intermittent, requiring efficient storage.
  • Hydrogen production via water splitting is a promising solar energy storage method.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize research on amorphous molybdenum sulfide (a-MoSx) catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).
  • To explore synthesis, characterization, and application of these nonprecious catalysts.
  • To investigate methods for enhancing catalytic activity and stability.

Main Methods:

  • Electrochemical deposition of amorphous molybdenum sulfide films under ambient conditions.
  • Electrochemical quartz microcrystal balance studies to elucidate film growth mechanisms.
  • Wet-chemical synthesis of amorphous molybdenum sulfide particles.
  • Integration of a-MoSx films onto copper(I) oxide photocathodes for photoelectrochemical HER.

Main Results:

  • Amorphous molybdenum sulfide catalysts exhibit high catalytic activity for HER, comparable to precious metals but at lower cost.
  • Optimal a-MoSx films deliver 10 mA/cm(2) at 160 mV overpotential.
  • Divalent Fe, Co, and Ni ions enhance catalytic activity.
  • Integrated photocathodes achieve a photocurrent density of -5.7 mA/cm(2) at 0 V vs RHE with good stability.

Conclusions:

  • Amorphous molybdenum sulfide is a highly active and stable nonprecious catalyst for hydrogen evolution.
  • Electrochemical deposition provides a scalable and cost-effective synthesis route.
  • These catalysts show significant potential for efficient solar energy storage and conversion.