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Targeting Lynch Victims: Social Marginality or Status Transgressions?

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Area of Science:

  • Sociology
  • Criminology
  • History

Background:

  • Lynching was a prevalent form of racialized violence in the Southern United States.
  • Understanding the characteristics of victims and the factors contributing to their selection is crucial for historical and sociological analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compile and analyze a database of known lynching victims.
  • To identify individual- and household-level characteristics of Black men lynched between 1882 and 1930.
  • To assess the empirical support for theories explaining victim selection in Southern mob violence.

Main Methods:

  • Compiled a new database of lynching victims using original census enumerators' manuscripts.
  • Identified characteristics of over 900 Black male lynching victims in ten Southern states.
  • Compared victim characteristics to a randomly generated sample of Black men in the same counties.

Main Results:

  • Lynching victims were generally less embedded in their communities' social and economic fabric compared to other Black men.
  • Social marginality emerged as a significant factor increasing the likelihood of being targeted for lynching.
  • Risk factors for lynching remained consistent across different decades and socio-demographic contexts.

Conclusions:

  • Social marginality played a key role in the selection of individuals targeted for lynching.
  • The findings provide empirical support for theories emphasizing social exclusion in understanding mob violence.
  • The study underscores the importance of community embeddedness in mitigating risk during periods of racialized violence.