Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Antifungal Agents

Antifungal Agents

Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that exploits structural differences between fungal and mammalian cell membranes. Its amphipathic structure—featuring a hydrophobic polyene-lactone ring and a hydrophilic region containing mycosamine and carboxylic acid groups—enables selective binding to ergosterol, a sterol predominantly found in fungal plasma membranes. This selective interaction underlies the drug’s antifungal activity, although weak binding to...

Drug Metabolism: Phase II Reactions

Drug Metabolism: Phase II Reactions

Phase II reactions are essential for the detoxification and elimination of drugs from the body. These reactions involve the conjugation of parent drugs or their phase I metabolites with endogenous molecules, resulting in more hydrophilic drug conjugates. The primary conjugation reactions in this phase are sulfation and glucuronidation. Both sulfation and glucuronidation typically produce biologically inactive metabolites. However, in some cases involving prodrugs, active metabolites may be...

Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts

Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts

Groups of proteins may form a complex where each protein in this complex has a different role in the overall execution of the complex’s function. Often some of the proteins in the complex can be replaced by a closely related variant to give a complex that contains many of the same components yet is functionally distinct.
The SCF ubiquitin ligase is a protein complex of five individual proteins. This complex attaches ubiquitin to other target proteins to mark them for degradation. In order...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Closing the gap on antifungal resistance.

Nature medicine·2026

Same author

Multisystem <i>Lomentospora prolificans</i> progression on fosmanogepix despite <i>in vitro</i> activity: a call for expanding clinical research on novel antifungals.

ASM case reports·2026

Same author

Temperature and genetic background drive mobilization of diverse transposable elements in a global human fungal pathogen.

PLoS genetics·2026

Same author

Vaccine-Mediated Protection of Mice Against African and Asian Clinical Strains of <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i>.

Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)·2025

Same author

The Pain Is in the Brain With the Sugar-Coated Killer.

The Journal of infectious diseases·2025

Same author

Inhibitors of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase activity in fungal pathogens compromise thermal tolerance pathways.

mBio·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Passive Administration of Monoclonal Antibodies Against H. capsulatum and Others Fungal Pathogens

Passive Administration of Monoclonal Antibodies Against H. capsulatum and Others Fungal Pathogens

Published on: February 14, 2011

Molecular umbrella-amphotericin B conjugates.

Vaclav Janout¹, Celine Bienvenu, Wiley Schell

¹Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University , Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States.

Bioconjugate Chemistry

|July 29, 2014

Summary

New molecular umbrella conjugates of amphotericin B (AmB) show improved solubility and reduced toxicity. These AmB conjugates release active antifungal agents, with varying membrane transport properties discussed for therapeutic potential.

More Related Videos

Small-Scale Plasma Membrane Preparation for the Analysis of Candida albicans Cdr1-mGFPHis

Small-Scale Plasma Membrane Preparation for the Analysis of Candida albicans Cdr1-mGFPHis

Published on: June 13, 2021

Formulation and Characterization of Bioactive Agent Containing Nanodisks

Formulation and Characterization of Bioactive Agent Containing Nanodisks

Published on: March 17, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Passive Administration of Monoclonal Antibodies Against H. capsulatum and Others Fungal Pathogens

Passive Administration of Monoclonal Antibodies Against H. capsulatum and Others Fungal Pathogens

Published on: February 14, 2011

Small-Scale Plasma Membrane Preparation for the Analysis of Candida albicans Cdr1-mGFPHis

Small-Scale Plasma Membrane Preparation for the Analysis of Candida albicans Cdr1-mGFPHis

Published on: June 13, 2021

Formulation and Characterization of Bioactive Agent Containing Nanodisks

Formulation and Characterization of Bioactive Agent Containing Nanodisks

Published on: March 17, 2023

Area of Science:

Medicinal Chemistry
Drug Delivery Systems
Antifungal Agents

Background:

Amphotericin B (AmB) is a potent antifungal drug with significant toxicity and poor water solubility.
Developing safer and more effective delivery systems for AmB is crucial for treating fungal infections.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and characterize novel tetrawalled and octawalled molecular umbrella conjugates of amphotericin B.
To evaluate the physicochemical properties, hemolytic activity, and drug release characteristics of these AmB conjugates.
To assess the membrane interaction and transport of the AmB conjugates for potential therapeutic applications.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of tetrawalled and octawalled molecular umbrella conjugates of AmB.
Assessment of water solubility, aggregation tendency, and hemolytic activity.
Evaluation of AmB derivative release under reducing conditions.
Liposomal membrane adsorption and passive transport studies.

Main Results:

Both conjugates demonstrated high water solubility and low aggregation.
Negligible hemolytic activity was observed at 100 μM for both conjugates.
Conjugates released active AmB derivatives under reducing conditions.
Octawalled conjugate showed slight liposomal membrane adsorption and passive transport, while the tetrawalled conjugate exhibited higher adsorption and lower transport.

Conclusions:

Molecular umbrella-AmB conjugates offer improved physicochemical properties and reduced toxicity compared to free AmB.
The distinct membrane interaction profiles suggest potential for targeted delivery or modified therapeutic effects.
These conjugates represent a promising platform for developing advanced antifungal therapies.