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Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Endoscopic Bilateral Nipple-sparing Mastectomy via a Single Axillary Incision with Immediate Pre-pectoral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction
Published on: May 17, 2024
[Surgical treatment for gyncomastia]
Objective:
To introduce different surgical treatment for gyncomastia at different grades.
Methods:
37 cases with gynecomastia were divided into three grades as: grade I with fat as main tissue, grade II with proliferated fibro-gland as main tissue, grade III with big and ptosis breasts and sagging skin. Different surgical methods were chosen according to the different grades of gyncomastia. These include liposuction, subareolar fibroglandular tissue removing, combined technique of the two methods, and breasts resection with free transplantation of nipple-areola complex.
Results:
All patients were satisfied for the appearance of post-operative flat male chest. Complications, such as scar, numbness of nipple and areola were acceptable for them.
Conclusions:
Different surgical methods should be chosen for the gynecomastia at different grades. It can improve both the physical and psychological problems for patients.
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