Reinterventions in vascular and endovascular carotid surgery

In recent years the number of carotid revascularization has increased steadily. This increased has inevitably resulted in an increase (relative) in complications, both after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and carotid stenting (CAS), despite the technical evolutions of new available materials and the expertise of the operators. So, complications which may potentially require operative intervention, although not very frequent, are possible. However, after diagnosis, immediate management should be undertaken in order to avoid sequelae which are often irreversible and potentially fatal. To minimize this risk, it's important that these procedures are performed by skilled operators in high-volume Centers of activity. The aim of this review is to assess local complications which can lead to re-interventions after CEA and CAS.