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Related Concept Videos

Formation of Muscle Fibers from Myoblasts01:13

Formation of Muscle Fibers from Myoblasts

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De novo myogenesis, or the formation of muscle fibers, begins during the early embryonic stages. The skeletal muscle is formed from somites– blocks of embryonic cell layers. The somites are further divided into dermatomes, myotomes, sclerotomes, and syndetomes. Among these, the myotomes give rise to muscle fibers.
Muscle progenitor cells (MPCs) are formed from the myotomes. MPCs express genes that encode the transcription factors Pax3 and Pax7. Along with Pax 3/7, other transcription...
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Types of RNA01:20

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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Translation01:31

Translation

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Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
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Stable Knockdown of Genes Encoding Extracellular Matrix Proteins in the C2C12 Myoblast Cell Line Using Small-Hairpin shRNA
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Non coding RNA in muscle differentiation and disease.

Mariangela Morlando, Alessandro Rosa, Elisa Caffarelli

  • 1Dept. of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome - Italy. irene.bozzoni@uniroma1.it.

Microrna (Shariqah, United Arab Emirates)
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Non coding RNAs regulate muscle development and health. These molecules offer potential for new therapies and diagnostics, including novel long non coding RNAs affecting microRNA activity.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • A significant portion of the human genome encodes non coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which lack protein-coding activity.
  • ncRNAs play crucial roles in cellular processes, including gene regulation.
  • Understanding ncRNA function is vital for advancing biological and medical research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of ncRNAs on muscle differentiation and homeostasis.
  • To explore the therapeutic and diagnostic potential of ncRNAs in muscle-related conditions.
  • To discuss novel mechanisms of post-transcriptional regulation by long non coding RNAs (lncRNAs).

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of current research on non coding RNAs in muscle biology.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the role of ncRNAs in muscle differentiation and homeostasis.
  • Examination of evidence for ncRNA-based therapeutic and diagnostic applications.

Main Results:

  • Non coding RNAs significantly influence muscle differentiation and the maintenance of muscle tissue.
  • Dysregulation of ncRNAs is implicated in various muscle diseases.
  • Emerging evidence highlights specific long non coding RNAs that modulate microRNA targeting of messenger RNAs.

Conclusions:

  • Non coding RNAs are critical regulators of muscle function and are implicated in disease.
  • ncRNAs represent promising targets for therapeutic interventions and diagnostic biomarkers in muscle disorders.
  • Novel lncRNAs offer new insights into post-transcriptional gene regulation, impacting microRNA efficacy.