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Related Concept Videos

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Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion

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Understanding and evaluating diffusion and perfusion is critical in assessing a patient's respiratory and circulatory health. These processes play key roles in maintaining the body's internal environment, ensuring that tissues receive adequate oxygen while waste products are efficiently removed.
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Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen01:16

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Oxygen therapy is a pivotal aspect of medical care, particularly for patients with respiratory ailments. Two prominent oxygen-delivering systems include the Venturi mask and the transtracheal oxygen catheter.
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Oxygen Delivering System I: Nasal Cannula and Face Mask01:26

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The human body requires oxygen to function, and when the natural process of respiration is hindered, external devices, including the following, are needed to help deliver this vital gas.
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Suggested flow rate: The suggested flow rate for a nasal cannula typically ranges between 1 and 6 L/min.
Oxygen percentage setting:...
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Administering Oxygen by Mask01:30

Administering Oxygen by Mask

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Administering Oxygen by Mask
Administering oxygen by mask is a common nursing intervention that provides supplemental oxygen to patients with respiratory distress or chronic lung conditions. This procedure involves delivering oxygen at a specified rate through a face mask connected to an oxygen source.
Equipment
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Special considerations while measuring oxygen saturation01:19

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Assessing respiratory rate concurrently with pulse measurement is fundamental to patient care, providing valuable insights into the patient's respiratory function. The normal breathing rate for an adult usually falls within a normal range of 12 to 20 breaths per minute. Abnormal respiratory rates can signal underlying health conditions or the need for immediate intervention.
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Mechanical Ventilation I: Indication and Settings01:29

Mechanical Ventilation I: Indication and Settings

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Mechanical ventilation is a life-saving technique for managing acute respiratory failure and other respiratory complications. The process involves using a machine known as a ventilator to supply oxygen to the lungs and assist in removing carbon dioxide. It serves as a bridge to long-term mechanical ventilation or a temporary measure until ventilatory support is discontinued. The ventilator can maintain this function for a prolonged period, providing critical support for patients until they can...
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Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in a Mouse
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Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in a Mouse

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Extracorporeal membrane modality conversions.

A C F Chan-Dominy1, M Anders2, J Millar1

  • 1Intensive Care Unit, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.

Perfusion
|July 30, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Severe anaphylaxis led to cardiovascular and respiratory failure in a 12-year-old, necessitating complex extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) strategies. This case highlights the adaptable use of ECMO for critical care and physiological support.

Keywords:
ECMOanaphylaxisextracorporeal membrane oxygenationresuscitationshockstatus asthmaticus

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pulmonology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Severe anaphylaxis can precipitate acute cardiovascular and respiratory failure, posing significant management challenges.
  • Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) offers vital support for oxygenation, ventilation, and circulation in critical illness.
  • The selection of ECMO modality depends on patient anatomy, physiology, urgency, and institutional expertise.

Observation:

  • A 12-year-old patient with anaphylaxis and status asthmaticus initially received veno-venous (VV) ECMO for hypoxemia.
  • Rapid cardiovascular deterioration required escalation to veno-arterial (VA) ECMO, including central transthoracic cannulation.
  • Management involved adapting ECMO strategies to address differential hypoxia and ensure adequate systemic oxygen delivery.

Findings:

  • Multiple ECMO cannulation strategies were successfully employed to manage complex cardiorespiratory failure.
  • The patient recovered fully after six days of central VA ECMO and 21 days of intensive care unit (ICU) care, with no neurological deficits.
  • This case underscores the importance of dynamic ECMO management in response to evolving patient physiology.

Implications:

  • ECMO requires careful consideration of patient pathophysiology and extracorporeal circuit interactions.
  • Clinicians must anticipate and manage potential mismatches between cardiovascular and respiratory support during ECMO.
  • Adaptive cannulation strategies are crucial for meeting metabolic demands and ensuring adequate organ oxygenation in critical care settings.