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Updated: Apr 26, 2026

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Estrogen alone or in combination with parathyroid hormone can decrease vertebral MEF2 and sclerostin expression and

H B Jia1, J X Ma, X L Ma

  • 1Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154, Anshan Street, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.

Osteoporosis International : a Journal Established As Result of Cooperation Between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA
|July 31, 2014
PubMed
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Estrogen down-regulates sclerostin (SOST) and myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) expression in ovariectomized rats. Combined estrogen and parathyroid hormone (PTH) treatment suppressed SOST more than PTH alone, but did not improve bone mass.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Bone Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Sclerostin (SOST) is a key inhibitor of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, crucial for bone formation.
  • Estrogen deficiency, as seen in osteoporosis, affects bone metabolism.
  • Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a known anabolic agent for bone.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the regulatory effects of estrogen on SOST and MEF2 expression.
  • To determine if combined estrogen and PTH treatment enhances SOST suppression compared to PTH alone.
  • To evaluate the impact on bone mineral density and strength in an ovariectomized rat model.

Main Methods:

  • Ovariectomized rats were treated with 17β-estradiol, PTH (1-34), or a combination for 12 weeks.
  • Sham-operated rats served as controls.

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  • Gene and protein expression (SOST, MEF2) were analyzed using qPCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Bone mineral density and biomechanical properties were assessed.

    • Main Results:

    • Estrogen treatment significantly down-regulated MEF2 and SOST expression.
    • Combined estrogen and PTH treatment showed a stronger suppression of SOST mRNA compared to PTH alone.
    • While the co-treatment group had slightly improved bone mass and biomechanical properties, the differences were not statistically significant compared to the PTH-only group.

    Conclusions:

    • Estrogen acts as a regulator of sclerostin, potentially through the suppression of MEF2.
    • Combined PTH and estrogen therapy did not offer superior benefits for vertebral bone mass or strength over PTH monotherapy in this model.
    • These findings offer insights into the complex interplay between estrogen, PTH, and sclerostin in bone regulation.