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Pedigree Analysis

Pedigree Analysis

Pedigree Analysis

Pedigree Analysis

Incomplete Dominance

Incomplete Dominance

Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.

Trihybrid Crosses

Trihybrid Crosses

Trihybrid Crosses
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
The F1 generation plants of a trihybrid cross are heterozygous for all three traits and produce eight gametes. Upon self-fertilization, these gametes have an equal...

X-linked Traits

X-linked Traits

In most mammalian species, females have two X sex chromosomes and males have an X and Y. As a result, mutations on the X chromosome in females may be masked by the presence of a normal allele on the second X. In contrast, a mutation on the X chromosome in males more often causes observable biological defects, as there is no normal X to compensate. Trait variations arising from mutations on the X chromosome are called “X-linked”.

X-linked Traits

X-linked Traits

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 26, 2026

A Pathway Association Study Tool for GWAS Analyses of Metabolic Pathway Information

A Pathway Association Study Tool for GWAS Analyses of Metabolic Pathway Information

Published on: July 1, 2020

The kinship2 R package for pedigree data.

Jason P Sinnwell¹, Terry M Therneau, Daniel J Schaid

¹Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn., USA.

|July 31, 2014

Summary

The enhanced kinship2 R package offers improved pedigree object handling and plotting for complex pedigrees. New features include X chromosome kinship matrices and pedigree subsetting, improving genetic data management.

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Area of Science:

Genetics
Bioinformatics
Statistical Genetics

Background:

The kinship2 R package has been restructured and enhanced.
New features have been added for improved handling of pedigree objects.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce the restructured kinship2 R package with enhanced functionalities.
To provide advanced tools for pedigree analysis in R.

Main Methods:

Updated pedigree plotting for complex family structures.
Implementation of X chromosome kinship matrix calculations.
Development of methods for pedigree subsetting and trimming.

Main Results:

Enhanced visualization capabilities for complex pedigrees.
Ability to compute kinship matrices on the X chromosome.
Preservation of pedigree structure during data manipulation.

Conclusions:

The kinship2 package is now available on CRAN with built-in data management.
The pedigree object is designed for interoperability with other R packages.
Facilitates advanced genetic data analysis and visualization.