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Related Concept Videos

Anatomical Movements00:51

Anatomical Movements

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Anatomical movements refer to the various actions or motions that can be performed by the body's joints and muscles. These movements are described using specific terms to provide a standardized way of discussing and understanding the range of motion at different joints.
Here are some common anatomical movements:
Flexion and extension motions are in the sagittal (anterior–posterior) plane of motion. These movements take place at the shoulder, hip, elbow, knee, wrist,...
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Muscles that Move the Head01:19

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The muscles that move the head are a dynamic and complex group of structures that work together to facilitate a wide range of head movements, including rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending.
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...
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Airway management is a key skill in emergency and critical care settings, as maintaining a clear airway is essential for adequate oxygenation and ventilation.Head Tilt-Chin Lift TechniqueThe head tilt-chin lift maneuver is an essential technique primarily used in patients without suspected cervical spine injuries. To perform this maneuver, one hand is placed on the patient’s forehead, and gentle pressure is applied backward to tilt the head. The fingertips of the other hand are positioned...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 26, 2026

A Novel Vertebral Stabilization Method for Producing Contusive Spinal Cord Injury
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Cervical Spine Motion during Transfer and Stabilization Techniques.

Ian Shrier, Patrick Boissy, Karina Lebel

    Prehospital Emergency Care
    |July 31, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Paramedics using three assistants for log rolls and the trap squeeze technique reduced cervical spine motion compared to one assistant and head squeeze. Individual proficiency varied, suggesting tailored training.

    Keywords:
    cervical spineinjurylog rolltrap squeezevacuum

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    Area of Science:

    • Emergency Medicine
    • Biomechanical Engineering
    • Trauma Care

    Background:

    • Cervical spine stabilization is critical during patient transfers.
    • Minimizing motion reduces the risk of secondary injury.
    • Paramedic techniques require objective evaluation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare cervical spine motion during log roll transfers.
    • To evaluate two stabilization techniques: head squeeze vs. trap squeeze.
    • To assess the impact of assistant numbers: one vs. three.

    Main Methods:

    • Crossover design with inertial measurement units.
    • Paramedics performed log rolls with one (LR2) and three (LR4) assistants.
    • Each paramedic used both head squeeze and trap squeeze techniques.

    Main Results:

    • Three assistants significantly reduced motion (3.9° less) compared to one assistant (p=0.0002).
    • Trap squeeze reduced motion (2.8° less) compared to head squeeze (p=0.002).
    • No interaction between transfer method and stabilization technique observed.

    Conclusions:

    • Log roll with more assistants and trap squeeze technique are more effective in reducing cervical spine motion.
    • Clinical relevance of motion reduction magnitude is uncertain.
    • Individual paramedic proficiency varies, indicating a need for personalized training.