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School Desegregation, School Choice and Changes in Residential Location Patterns by Race
Nathaniel Baum-Snow1, Byron F Lutz2
1Brown University, Department of Economics, Box B, Providence, RI 02912, and NBER ( Nathaniel_Baum-Snow@brown.edu ).
The American Economic Review
|August 1, 2014
Summary
School desegregation prompted white families to move to suburbs more than enroll in private schools. Black public school enrollment rose outside the South, while declining in Southern private schools.
Area of Science:
- Sociology
- Urban Studies
- Education Policy
Background:
- Large urban public school districts faced desegregation mandates.
- Significant declines in white public school enrollment were observed post-desegregation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze residential location and school choice reactions to urban school desegregation.
- To differentiate between suburban migration and private school enrollment as responses.
Main Methods:
- Decomposition of white public enrollment decline.
- Analysis of black public and private school enrollment changes.
- Examination of urban population decentralization trends (1960-1990).
Main Results:
- White enrollment decline was primarily driven by migration to suburban districts.
- Black public enrollment increased significantly outside the South, linked to slowed suburbanization.
- Southern districts saw a decline in black private school enrollment.
Conclusions:
- Suburban migration was the dominant response for white families to desegregation.
- Desegregation influenced black household location decisions and school enrollment patterns.
- Central district desegregation had a minimal impact on overall urban population decentralization.
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