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Related Concept Videos

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

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Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
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The human body's intricate network of arteries ensures that every organ system receives the necessary oxygen and nutrients for optimal function. The arterial network in the head and neck region is particularly complex, providing vital blood flow to the brain, eyes, and other critical structures. Prominent arteries in this region include the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries.
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Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

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An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
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Related Experiment Video

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Performing Permanent Distal Middle Cerebral with Common Carotid Artery Occlusion in Aged Rats to Study Cortical Ischemia with Sustained Disability
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Neurocognitive functioning after carotid revascularization: a systematic review.

Maarten Plessers1, Isabelle Van Herzeele2, Frank Vermassen2

  • 1Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.

Cerebrovascular Diseases Extra
|August 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and carotid stenting (CAS) show no significant cognitive differences post-procedure. Neurocognitive outcomes for CEA and CAS patients can improve or decline, affecting a small patient percentage.

Keywords:
Carotid artery stentingCarotid endarterectomyCarotid revascularizationCognitive outcomeNeuropsychologySystematic review

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Vascular Surgery
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and carotid stenting (CAS) are procedures to prevent stroke.
  • Neurocognitive outcomes following these interventions require thorough investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent literature on the neurocognitive consequences of CEA and CAS.
  • To compare the neurocognitive effects of CEA versus CAS.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of PubMed and Web of Science using keywords related to carotid interventions and cognition.
  • Inclusion of 37 studies published since 2007, analyzing CEA, CAS, and comparative studies.
  • Cross-referencing bibliographies of relevant articles.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in postoperative neurocognitive functioning were found between CEA and CAS.
  • Observed postoperative neurocognitive changes in CEA and CAS patients affected a small percentage (10-15%) and varied between improvement and impairment.
  • Wide variability in reported neurocognitive outcomes across studies.

Conclusions:

  • Current data suggest no discernible cognitive differences between CAS and CEA post-intervention.
  • Both procedures can lead to cognitive improvement or deterioration in a subset of patients.
  • Methodological variations in studies contribute to divergent results, highlighting the need for large-scale, methodologically sound comparative studies with adequate control groups.