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Related Concept Videos

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Intracortical Inhibition Within the Primary Motor Cortex Can Be Modulated by Changing the Focus of Attention

Intracortical Inhibition Within the Primary Motor Cortex Can Be Modulated by Changing the Focus of Attention

Published on: September 11, 2017

Neocortical focus: experimental view.

Igor Timofeev¹, Sylvain Chauvette², Sara Soltani²

¹Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec (CRIUSMQ), Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.

International Review of Neurobiology

|August 1, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Neocortical seizures preferentially occur during slow-wave sleep. This study reveals that seizures originate around the perimeter of the epileptic focus, not within it, due to enhanced neuronal excitability.

Keywords:

Epilepsy Networks Neurons Seizure Sleep Trauma Wake

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Large-scale Three-dimensional Imaging of Cellular Organization in the Mouse Neocortex

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Published on: September 5, 2018

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Epileptology
Sleep Science

Background:

Brain activity occurs in vigilance states: wake, slow-wave sleep (SWS), and REM sleep.
Neocortical seizures predominantly manifest during SWS.
Understanding neuronal mechanisms during sleep and seizures is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe neuronal behavior and mechanisms in the neocortex during natural vigilance states and seizures.
To identify similarities and differences in neuronal activity between sleep and seizures.
To refine the definition and location of the epileptic focus.

Main Methods:

Utilized a model of cortical undercut to define epileptic focus borders.
Analyzed neuronal excitability changes due to deafferentation.
Investigated the role of disfacilitation during SWS.

Main Results:

Deafferentation upregulates neuronal excitability, promoting seizure generation.
Periods of disfacilitation during SWS further increase neuronal excitability.
Seizures do not originate within the deafferented epileptic focus but around its perimeter.

Conclusions:

The seizure focus is redefined as the perimeter of the undercut cortex.
This perimeter exhibits moderately enhanced neuronal connectivity and excitability.
These modifications lower the seizure generation threshold in the identified seizure focus.