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Kepler's First Law of Planetary Motion01:10

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In the early 17th century, German astronomer and mathematician Johannes Kepler postulated three laws for the motion of planets in the solar system. He formulated his first two laws based on the observations of his forebears, Nikolaus Copernicus and Tycho Brahe.
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Misaligned protoplanetary disks in a young binary star system.

Eric L N Jensen1, Rachel Akeson2

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, Swarthmore College, 500 College Avenue, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania 19081, USA.

Nature
|August 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Many giant planets have unusual orbits, possibly due to interactions with binary stars. We found significant disk misalignment in the HK Tauri binary system, supporting this theory during planet formation.

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Area of Science:

  • Exoplanetary Science
  • Stellar Astronomy
  • Astrophysics

Background:

  • Extrasolar planet orbits often deviate from the Solar System's coplanar and circular patterns, exhibiting eccentric or inclined trajectories.
  • The presence of giant planets in close proximity to host stars suggests significant orbital migration, with no current consensus on its cause.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the three-dimensional misalignment of protoplanetary disks in young binary systems.
  • To determine if conditions conducive to misalignment-driven orbital modification exist during planet formation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized observational data to measure the misalignment of protoplanetary disks in the HK Tauri binary system.
  • Analyzed the inclination of the bulk of the planet-forming disk mass relative to the binary orbital plane.

Main Results:

  • The protoplanetary disks in the HK Tauri binary system exhibit significant misalignments, ranging from 60 to 68 degrees.
  • These results indicate substantial inclination between the disks and the binary orbital plane.

Conclusions:

  • The findings demonstrate that the necessary conditions for misalignment-driven mechanisms to alter planetary orbits are present during planet formation.
  • The observed misalignments are likely a consequence of the binary formation process itself.