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Related Concept Videos

Unit Cells01:18

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A crystal's internal structure is an orderly array of atoms, ions, or molecules, and the details of this array significantly influence the solid's properties. In a crystal, periodically repeating 'structural motifs' - which could be atoms, molecules, or groups thereof - create a 'space lattice.' This is essentially a three-dimensional, infinite array of points, each surrounded by its neighbors in an identical way, forming the basic structure of the crystal.A 'unit cell' is a theoretical...
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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
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Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
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Crystals with various point group symmetries belong to different crystal classes, which are synonymous terms. Despite being in the same class, crystals may have distinct shapes, like cubes and octahedra. There are 32 three-dimensional point groups, all of which are systematically divided into seven crystal systems.The basic cubic crystal system, exemplified by NaCl, features orthogonal vectors (α = β = �� = 90°) of equal lengths (a = b = c). When specific...
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A perfect crystal, in theory, has a uniform structure with the same unit cell and lattice points throughout. However, any deviation from this periodic arrangement is known as an imperfection or defect. These defects can be categorized into three types: point, line, and plane defects.Point defects occur when there is a deviation from the ideal due to missing atoms, displaced atoms, or additional atoms. These imperfections might occur due to imperfect packing during crystallization or because of...
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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Aperiodic crystals and superspace concepts.

T Janssen1, A Janner1

  • 1Theoretical Physics, University of Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Acta Crystallographica Section B, Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials
|August 1, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Discover the fascinating field of aperiodic crystals, challenging the traditional view of lattice periodicity in materials. This overview details their discovery and the multidisciplinary research driving advancements in these unique crystalline structures.

Keywords:
aperiodic crystalslattice periodicitysuperspace concepts

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Area of Science:

  • Solid State Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Historically, lattice periodicity was considered a defining characteristic of crystals, as demonstrated by Laue.
  • The discovery of non-lattice-periodic compounds in the early 1960s challenged this fundamental concept.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the historical development of the field of aperiodic crystals.
  • To highlight the emergence and growth of research into materials lacking traditional lattice periodicity.

Main Methods:

  • Historical review and synthesis of key discoveries in aperiodic crystallography.
  • Analysis of the multidisciplinary approaches employed in studying these materials.

Main Results:

  • The identification of numerous aperiodic crystalline materials with unique and interesting properties.
  • Significant growth in the number of known aperiodic structures and research contributions.

Conclusions:

  • Aperiodic crystals represent a significant expansion of our understanding of crystalline matter beyond traditional periodicity.
  • The field has evolved into a robust, multidisciplinary area with ongoing contributions from hundreds of scientists.