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Related Experiment Video

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Clinical Application of Intense Pulsed Light Therapy and Radio Frequency for Treatment of Ocular Surface Diseases
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Current Approach to Dry Eye Disease.

Valéria Valim1,2, Virginia Fernandes Moça Trevisani3,4,5, Jacqueline Martins de Sousa6

  • 1Centro de Referência de Doenças Reumáticas, Serviço de Reumatologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antonio de Moraes, Rua Marechal Campos, 1468, Maruípe, Vitória, ES, Brazil, 29040-091. val.valim@gmail.com.

Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
|August 2, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Dry eye disease (DED) affects millions globally, particularly older women. This review compares diagnostic tests and treatments for DED, emphasizing Sjögren

Keywords:
CorneaDry eye diseaseOcular surfaceSjögren’s syndrome

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Dry eye disease (DED) is a prevalent ocular surface condition affecting 6-34% of the global population.
  • It disproportionately impacts women over 50, characterized by tear film instability and potential ocular surface damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare various diagnostic tests for dry eye disease.
  • To present key studies on dry eye disease treatments, with a focus on Sjögren's syndrome patients.
  • To propose a management approach for dry eye disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review and comparison of established and novel diagnostic methods for DED.
  • Analysis of recent therapeutic strategies, including conventional and emerging biological therapies.
  • Emphasis on evidence from studies involving patients with Sjögren's syndrome.

Main Results:

  • Multiple diagnostic tests exist for DED, but no single gold standard is established; combining tests is recommended.
  • Current DED treatments encompass patient education, tear substitutes, corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and surgical interventions.
  • Emerging therapies include biological agents and topical immunomodulators like tacrolimus and tofacitinib.

Conclusions:

  • A combined approach using multiple diagnostic tests is advised for accurate DED evaluation.
  • Treatment strategies for DED are evolving, with promising new therapies under investigation.
  • An integrated management plan is proposed for effective DED care, particularly in complex cases like Sjögren's syndrome.