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Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
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An equine pain face.

Karina B Gleerup1, Björn Forkman, Casper Lindegaard

  • 1Department of Large Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia
|August 2, 2014
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified a distinct equine pain face in horses experiencing acute pain. This facial expression, characterized by specific ear, eye, nostril, and lip changes, can aid in recognizing pain in horses.

Keywords:
experimental studyhorsespain behaviorpain evaluationpain face

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Science
  • Animal Behavior
  • Pain Recognition

Background:

  • Assessing pain in animals, particularly horses, is crucial for welfare.
  • Subtle facial expressions can indicate pain, but a standardized equine pain face has not been well-defined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and describe the existence of a specific equine pain face.
  • To identify key facial features associated with acute pain in horses.

Main Methods:

  • A semi-randomized, controlled, crossover trial involving six adult horses.
  • Pain was induced using tourniquets and capsaicin, with and without observer presence.
  • Video analysis of facial expressions and scoring of pain states were conducted.

Main Results:

  • Induced pain significantly increased pain scores and facial alterations in all horses.
  • Specific pain face features, including ear position, eye appearance, nostril dilation, and lip tension, were significantly more frequent during pain trials.
  • Horses showed increased contact-seeking behavior when an observer was present during pain sessions.

Conclusions:

  • A recognizable equine pain face exists, characterized by specific alterations in ears, eyes, nostrils, and lips.
  • This validated equine pain face can improve the recognition of mild to moderate pain in horses.
  • The findings contribute to enhanced animal welfare through better pain assessment tools.