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Reproductive cloning is the process of producing a genetically identical copy—a clone—of an entire organism. While clones can be produced by splitting an early embryo—similar to what happens naturally with identical twins—cloning of adult animals is usually done by a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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The Role of Care.

Global bioethics = Problemi di bioetica·2022
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Access to in vitro fertilization: costs, care and consent.

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The politics of communities: a review of H. Tristram Engelhardt Jr.'s The Foundations of Bioethics.

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Reproductive 'surrogacy' and parental licensing.

Christine Overall

    Bioethics
    |August 2, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    Commercial surrogacy prioritizes adult interests over child welfare. This proposal advocates for formal screening and licensing of intended parents to ensure the child

    Area of Science:

    • Reproductive ethics
    • Child welfare law
    • Family studies

    Background:

    • Commercial surrogacy currently prioritizes the interests of adults involved.
    • Existing surrogacy practices fail to adequately consider the child's needs, interests, and wellbeing.
    • The transfer of an infant for a fee lacks justification and fails to assess parental suitability.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a framework for mitigating ethical weaknesses in commercial surrogacy.
    • To advocate for a system that prioritizes the child's welfare in surrogacy arrangements.
    • To address the moral concerns surrounding the commodification of children in surrogacy.

    Main Methods:

    • Ethical analysis of current surrogacy practices.
    • Comparative legal and ethical review of adoption processes.
    Keywords:
    adoptionbaby-sellingparental licensingpregnancysurrogacysurrogate mother

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  • Development of a proposal for a formal screening and licensing system for intended parents.

    • Main Results:

    • Commercial surrogacy inadequately protects the interests of children created through the process.
    • A genetic connection does not guarantee parental suitability or entitlement.
    • A formal screening and licensing system is necessary to safeguard infant wellbeing.

    Conclusions:

    • Reproductive surrogacy requires ethical reform to prioritize child welfare.
    • Implementing a system analogous to adoption screening would protect children's needs.
    • Proposed reforms address moral weaknesses by centering the child's best interests.